Verrallia. 65 



lies as usual the ninth segment with its end clavvs and between the 

 bases of these latter the small tenth segment with the hairy lamellæ. 

 While the genitalia thus in the main are like those in Pipunculus the 

 eighth segment seems to be more complicate; I think, however, that 

 it is principally of the same construction, and that the split between 

 the two pieces answers to the apical impression in Pipunculus^ but 

 I have not had material sufficient for dissection. In the female abdomen 

 consists of six normally developed segments, the hypopygium is 

 large, the basal part is roundish or it is elongated and not swollen, 

 the ovipositor long and strong, incurved. Abdomen is clothed with 

 hairs, whicli are long at the sides, especially on first segment, the male 

 hypopygium has longish hairs at the end and on the right side. Legs 

 slender, hind tibiæ not or almost not twisted; the anterior femora 

 have long hairs behind, the hind femora on the anterior side and on 

 the basal half below, and hind tibiæ with long hairs on the antero- 

 dorsal side; the hairs are shorter in the female, and hind tibiæ without 

 long hairs. Claws and pulvilli somewhat large and sometimes enlarged 

 in the female; the claws are yellow with black apex; empodium 

 small and short, spine-shaped, hairy below. Wings moderately long, 

 a quite small alula present, the axillary lobe somewhat developed in 

 both sexes; the end of the mediastinal cell coloured, third costal 

 segment about of the length of fourth or longer, middle cross-vein 

 near the middle of the discai cell, discai vein forked or unforked. 



As shown by the shape of the head, the presence of bristles, the 

 number of normal abdominal segments, and the construction of the 

 male genitalia the genera Chalarus and Verrallia are very closely 

 allied to each other and more than any of them to Pipunculus. 



The developmental stages are not known, but as mentioned 

 under Pipunculus Jenkinson has (Ent. Month. Mag. XXXIX, 1903, 

 222) watched V. aucta chasing and attacking frog-hoppers, so that the 

 genus thus is known to be parasitic in these insects, like the other 

 Pipunculids. I possess V. aucta bred from a pupa found in spring in 

 flood refuse; the puparium is reddish, quite oval, rounded at the 

 ends, the surface is fmely shagreened; at the posterior end is a trans- 

 verse, oval, black spiracular plate with the spiracles lying one at 

 each side. The anterior spiracular tubes are short, curved at the end; 

 to judge from the empty puparium the opening takes place in the 

 same way as in Chalarus, but in my sole puparium the upper piece 

 {B in de Meijere: Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 40, 1916, Taf. 11, Fig. 144—145) 

 is not separated but remains well connected with the puparium; the 

 way of opening shows the close relationship to Chalarus. 



6 



