84 " Phoridae. 



provided with various processes of varied shape so that the larvæ 

 gets a ciirious aspect, but also here formations ara present, even if 

 small, answering in number and arrangement to the said papillæ 

 present in all species. According to the studies made by Keilin these 

 various formations are provided with sensory organs and are in 

 connection with nervs; as before said there is a certain number of 

 formations or papillæ which are always present in a certain arrange- 

 ment and thus homologous, but rather various in size and shape; of 

 such formations there are four on prothorax, six on meso- and meta- 

 thorax in transverse rows. The abdominal segments are each more or 

 less distinctly divided into three corrugations separated by furrows, 

 and each segment has eight of the formations in question, four on the 

 posterior corrugation, placed two on each side of the middle, and 

 four on the middle corrugation situated two on each side and more 

 or less pleural; the eighth segment has the papillæ placed round the 

 hind margin; this latter segment when attenuated bears the posterior 

 spiracles at the end, when truncate the spiracles lie on the dorsal side; 

 the anterior spiracles are found at the posterior margin of the pro- 

 thoracal segment. On the ventral side the abdominal segments more 

 or less distinctly show a somewhat bladder-like flat prominence on 

 each side of the middle and to each side of these generally still another 

 slight elevation. — The pupa may be of somewhat various shape; 

 in most species, as in Aphiochaeta and in several other genera, it is 

 on the ventral side rather arched transversally, but more flat on 

 the dorsal side; the greatest height lies at about the anterior third 

 and from here the dorsal surface slants abruptly towards the anterior 

 end but evenly towards the posterior end ; the outline of the puparium 

 is somewhat elongately rhomboidal; in other species {Paraspiniphora) 

 the ventral side is likewise arched but the dorsal flat, or the puparium 

 is upon the whole rather flat, the circumference is oval or elongated 

 oval or sometimes rather broad ; the colour of the puparium is lighter 

 or darker brownish, sometimes blackish; the larval papillæ and 

 formations are still more or less visible on the puparium; the anterior 

 spiracles protrude as shorter or longer, generally rather iong spiracular 

 tubes through the second abdominal segment, they are generally a 

 little curved, directed forwards and diverging. The opening of the 

 puparium takes place in a curious way which moreover is not quite 

 the same in all species. In Aphiochaeta an anterior piece is detached, 

 above going from the front end to the anterior part of the first abdo- 

 minal segment, but below separating more anteriorly in the anterior 



