Trupheoneura. 125 



short in the male. Jowls somewhat descending below the eyes; small 

 oral and more distinct genal bristles present; one long lower post- 

 ocular bristle. Thorax with one pair of dorsocentral bristles. Scutellum 

 with two or four bristles, when four the bristles either equal or iin- 

 equal, the anterior pair the smaller. Mesopleura without hairs or 

 bristles. Abdomen often with the second and sixth segments in the 

 male elongated; in several species there is at the base of second 

 segment a curious, graniilated or finely papillate area. Hypopygium 

 generally large to very large, sometimes medium-sized; it is well 

 chitinized and as a rule shining above at the base; the prolongations 

 from the tergite are most often more or less band-shaped; they are 

 rarely symmetricai, generally unsymmetrical and then as a rule 

 the left being the larger; in some species the arms are very unsym- 

 metrical, the left being large, deeply cleft, and thus, as it were, form- 

 ing a forceps by itself. Anal tube somewhat flattened, from quite 

 short, scarcely protruding, to medium long, with long hairs; there 

 is a large, arched ventral plate. In the female the seventh sternite is 

 generally chitinized and more or less elongated, the apex being of 

 various shape, rounded, excised or more or less pointed, or drawn 

 out in a narrow, curved prolongation, or it may be provided with a 

 median spine. In a single case (luteifemorata) also the sixth sternite 

 is chitinized, a case almost unique among European Phorids. The 

 last segment terminates with two styliform lamellæ. Abdomen is 

 sparingly haired with short hairs. Legs sometimes rather slender; 

 front tibiæ with a dorsal bristle above the middle (sometimes want- 

 ing), middle tibiæ with a pair at about the upper third or fourth, 

 and one small or very small anterior at apex (the posterior of the 

 upper pair may be absent) ; hind tibiæ with two anterior or anterodorsal 

 bristles, one above the middle and one small at apex (in opaca the 

 upper hindtibial bristle generally is wanting); all the bristles are 

 generally somewhat weak; the legs for the rest with short hairs, 

 on the posterior side of the apical part of hind tibiæ and on posterior 

 side of metatarsi they are comb-like arranged in transverse rows; 

 on the dorsal side of middle tibiæ the hairs are in the apical half a 

 little longer and on the anterodorsal side they are also a little row- 

 like arranged. Claws and pulvilli normal; empodium small, bristle- 

 shaped. Wings with costa generally reaching beyond middle, some- 

 times shorter; it is sometimes thickened in the outer part; costal 

 cilia generally short; third vein forked, in a couple of species with 

 small bristles; fourth to sixth vein reaching the margin, but seventh 



