Aphiochaeta. 209 



apical part of the pupa (PL IV, fig. 44) erroneously drawn, the border 

 between the seventh and eighth abdominal segments being drawn as 

 f a transverse line, while it is in reality convex behind as in the larva, 

 I and consequently the eight teeth round the margin of the last seg- 

 ment reach further forwards on the sides. — The larva of pulicaria 

 i is quite similar to that of rufipes, only the microscopical spinules 

 being still smaller, so that under a lens the surface is apparently nude; 

 it is smaller, the length of the larva is 3,5 mm, of the pupa 2,5 mm. 



— Again the larva of rata is similar to the preceding, it is likewise 

 apparently nearly nude, but the papillæ are relatively fully as large 

 as in rufipes '^ it has a length of 4 mm; the pupa, which, in accordance 

 with the larva, shows the larval papillæ rather distinct, is 2 — 3 mm. 



— Of ruficornis I have only seen a pupa, it has, as described by Keilin, 

 the posterior end narrow and the posterior spiracles not lying above 

 on eighth segment, but at the end of it and somewhat protruding; 

 the larval papillæ are, in accordance with their smallness in the larva, 

 almost not to be seen, even round the hind margin of last segment; 

 the length is 3 mm; the pupa of errata is quite similar to that of rufi- 

 cornis. — A. pusilla, as described by Perris, is similar to the others, 

 but seems to have the papillæ somewhat large. 



Most species of Aphiochaeta seem to have more than one brood 

 in the year as they may occur during the whole season, or sometimes 

 especially in spring or early summer and then again towards autumn; 

 some few species, which occur at more fixed times, have perhaps 

 only one brood, as f. inst. A. Woodi n. sp., which, at all events with 

 us, is exclusively autumnal. The hibernation generally takes place 

 in the pupal stage, I think, but probably also in certain cases in the 

 younger or older larval stage; I possess several breedings of A. rata 

 where the larvæ were taken in September to November, the imagines 

 emerging from April to June. As to species such as the above mentioned 

 Woodi it is certainly the larva which hibernates. Some species are 

 evidently able to hibernate also as imagines, besides rufipes., which 

 may be met with indoors in every month, I possess f. inst. also pijgmaea 

 from all months in the year; once by removing some fire-wood in the 

 free on ^Vii ciliata and lata were found, of the former both sexes, of 

 the latter only males, and on ^^/]2 ciliata^ maura, pygmaea and pyg- 

 maeoides were taken on windows in a villa near a wood, evidently 

 coming from the wood with a Christmas-tree which had been brought 

 in the day before; of ciliata., maura and pygmaeoides only females 

 were present, of pygmaea both sexes. 



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