168 



Tachinidae. 



one to three hairs on anterior side at apex. On the ventral side of 

 penis, just below the shaft, issue generally two pairs of very variously 

 formed appendages, the upper and lower lobes. Sometimes some 

 apical, more or less rod-Hke, paired appendages are further present, 

 which I shall term apophyses, and according to their position, proxi- 

 mal and distal apophyses. The appended diagrammatic figure of the 

 genitalia of S. carnaria (after Bottcher) will show the various parts 



and their terms. The genitalia can 

 only be examined when prepared or 

 strongly extracted. 



The penis (in it widest sense) of 

 Sarcophaga has been studied by several 

 writers (Bottcher, Parker, Senior-White) 

 but its very intricate construction has 

 not hitherto been so cleared up, that 

 the homologies of the parts are estab- 

 lished. To do so would require years 

 of study. So f. inst. Bottcher uses 

 himself in the descriptions partly other 

 terms than those established in his 

 introduction. The terms, I use, there- 

 fore are in no way meant as designating 

 homologous appendages, but I think 

 they will always be easily understood. 

 The following figures of the male 

 genitalia are mainly after Bottcher. 



While now the males of the species 



are well determinable it stands still 



badly as regards the females; some of 



them are determinable, but others can at present only be referred to 



certain groups, and only be sure when taken in copula. 



Fig. 36. S. carnaria, genitalia; 

 a. upper forceps, b. lower for- 

 ceps, c. anterior, d. posterior 

 clasper, e. shaft of penis, /. end- 

 part, g. upper, h. lower lobe. 



After Villeneuve's and Bottcher's study of Meigen's types the 

 species of this author are now well founded, but all earlier species 

 are doubtful; to these earlier species I therefore, following Bottcher, 

 at present append Meigen as author, except as regards striata Fabr, 



