Viviania. 285 



bristles on each side, the apical of them strong; a pair of minute 

 apical hairs present or wanting. Three sternopleural bristles. Ab- 

 domen with the excavation on second segment not reaching quite 

 to hind margin; it has only marginal bristles, generally present also 

 on second segment, but sometimes wanting here. Legs with antero- 

 dorsal bristles on hind tibiæ small, unequal; claws and pulvilli some- 

 what elongated in male. Wings as in Meigenia; a distinct, though 

 not large costal spine present. 



The species is parasitic on imagines of Carabids; up to ten para- 

 sites may develop in each host. The larvæ are found in abdomen, 

 and the larva hibernates in the second larval stage and pupates 

 next year in the now dead Carab; to get out the imago breaks with 

 the frontal bladder a hole in the last abdominal sternites of the host. 

 The way in which they get into the host is not known, but most 

 probably they are viviparous and belong to Pantel's group 6. 



Only one European species is known, also occurring in Denmark. 



1. V. cinerea Fall. 



1810. Fall. Vet. Acad. Handl. XXXI, 283 et 1820. Dipt. Suec. Muse. 

 20, 39 (Tachma). — 1824. Meig. Syst. Beschr. IV, 417, 309, {Tachina) et 1838. 

 VII, 241, 9 {Masicera). — 1844. Zett. Dipt. Scand. III, 1043, 35 {Tachina). — 

 1896. Pand. Rev. Entom. XV, 105, 9 {Peteina). — 1907. Villen. Ann. Soc. Ent. 

 de Fr. LXXVI, 391. — 1907. Kat. palåarkt. Dipt. III, 326. — 1921. Baer, 

 Zeitschr. f. angew. Ent. VII, 354. — 1924. Stein, Arch. f. Naturgesch. 90, 6, 

 113. — Tachina pacta Meig. 1824. 1. c. 324, 146 et 1838. VII, 250, 1, Tab. LXXI, 

 Fig. 36—40 {Fahricia). — 1862. Schin. F. A. I, 497 {Frontina). — 1889. B. B. 

 Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LVI, 86, Tab. I, Fig. 2 et 1891. LVIII, 312. 

 — Tachina incompta Meig. 1824. 1. c. 324, 147 et 1838. VII, 191, 53. — 1900. 

 Stein, Ent. Nachricht. XXVI, 132. — Tachina austera Meig. 1824. 1. c. IV, 

 383, 249 et 1838. VII, 248, 2 {Frontina). — 1893. B. B. 1. c. LX, 220. — Tachina 

 usta Zett. (nec Wied.) 1844. 1. c. III, 1044, 36 et 1859. XIII, 6082, 36. 



Male. Frons above a little more than half as broad as the eye. 

 Orbits and jowls grey or whitish grey; cheeks whitish or greyish 

 silvery; frontal stripe velvet black. Vibrissæ slightly ascending. 

 Orbits with fme, jowls with longer black hairs. Occiput grey, with 

 whitish hairs, sparse above, and with rows of black hairs behind 

 postocular bristles. Antennæ black; arista thickened in about basal 

 third. Palpi yellow. Thorax black, grey or yellowish grey pruinose, 

 with four black stripes, the median abbreviated behind, the lateral 

 interrupted at the suture; scutellum dark. Thorax black-haired ; 

 scutellum with four marginal bristles on each side (sometimes three 



