Phryxe. 335 



veins blackish; first posterior cell more or less narrowly open, ending 

 in shorter or longer distance from apex of wing; apical cross-vein 

 somewhat steep or more sloping, generally nearly straight, sometimes 

 concave; posterior cross-vein straight or more or less doubly curved. 

 Squamulæ whitish. Halteres brownish. 



Female. Similar; frons very slightly broader, the eye-margins 

 parallel. 



Length 6 to fully 9 mm. 



The species is of a very common appearance and somewhat 

 varying in certain details; as known, Robineaii Desvoidy has described 

 it under no less tlian 248 names. 



Ph. vulgaris is common in Denmark all over the country; it 

 occurs on leaves of bushes and especially on umbellifers; the dates 

 are ^^/j — ^Vio- The species is parasitic on a very large number of 

 Lepidoptera, both Rhopalocera and the various groups of Heterocera, 

 and is also bred from Lophyrus pini. It has been recorded from Pro- 

 crustes coriaceiis, but this is no doubt an error. With us it has been 

 bred from Hyloiciis pinastri., Orgyia antiqua^ Hadena ochroleuca, 

 Dryobota protea^ Brotolomia meticulosa, Hihernia defoliaria, Cheima- 

 tobia brumata and Tephroclystia innotata (Nielsen); I have also seen 

 it from Biston zonarius, not earlier known as its host. Nielsen has 

 (Vidensk. Medd. fra Dansk Nat. Foren. 64, 1913, 216) treated its 

 biology. It has two generations in the year, parasiting in different 

 hosts. In small host larvæ only one parasite develops, in larger up 

 to 18. The larva bores out and pupates in the ground with rare excep- 

 tions; the pupa of the second generation hibernates, sometimes also 

 the larva, in the host. 



Geographical distribution: — Europe; towards the north to 

 middle Sweden. It occurs also in North America. 



Remarks: In our old collection are found some specimens deter- 

 mined praetervisa Zett. ; they belong to the present species, except 

 two, which are nemea Meig. ; they have not been examined by Zetter- 

 stedt, so that nothing cån be said about praetervisa on this base, but 

 as seen below under nemea it is doubtless that praetervisa is identical 

 with nemea, as also suggested by Mik and Wachtl (Wien. Ent. Zeitg. 

 XIV, 1895, 246, Anm.). — I have seen one of Zetterstedt's types to 

 T. trizonata, it was rather moulded, but as far as I was able to judge, 

 it is the present species. — In our old collection is further found a 

 peculiar specimen, a female; it has only one orbital bristle. Dr. Vilie- 

 neuve has examined it, and he communicates, that he has seen a 



