Phorocera. 349 



74. Phopocepa R. D. 



Medium sized species of blackish colour with pale pruinosity, 

 and generally a little reddish at sides of abdomen in male. Head 

 just a little broader than thorax, somewhat convex behind and 

 puffed out below, not much higher than long, Frons above somewhat 

 narrower than or about as broad as the eye, broader in female, rather 

 protruding. Jowls about half the height of the eye. In both sexes 

 ocellar and inner vertical bristles, in female also outer vertical and 

 two orbital bristles; weak outer verticals may be present in male. 

 Distinct postocellar and occipital bristles. Behind postocular bristles 

 a row of black hairs {Phorocera) or none (Salia). Frontal bristles 

 descending to insertion of arista or below, two uppermost reclinate, 

 or, in female, the posterior of them directed outwards. Cheeks bare 

 (Salia), or a little hairy above (Phorocera). Vibrissæ ascending to 

 insertion of arista. Eyes densely hairy. Epistoma somewhat retreating, 

 slightly or somewhat reflected below. Oral cone and proboscis some- 

 what short, or longer with proboscis more slender. Antennæ inserted 

 above middle of the eye, third joint from a little more than twice 

 to four times as long as second; arista with second joint short. Thorax 

 nearly quadratic; three postsutural dorsocentrals, and three præ- 

 and three postsutural acrostichals; a præsutural intraalar bristle 

 (Salia) or none (Phorocera). Scutellum with four marginal bristles 

 on each side, but the apical may be small or very small (Phorocera). 

 Three sternopleural bristles. Above on pteropleura a couple of bristles 

 among which one strong. Abdomen cylindrical or elongated conical; 

 excavation on second segment reaching hind margin or stopping 

 well before it; there are discai and marginal bristles, second segment 

 with a pair of marginal. Genitalia smaller or larger, forming a knob 

 at end of abdomen. Legs with anterodorsal bristles on hind tibiæ 

 unequal; claws and pulvilli elongated in male; front tarsi in female 

 simple. Wings with first posterior cell ending at some distance from 

 apex of wing, open or just closed; no or a not large costal spine. 



The species are parasitic on Rhopalocera and Heterocera, one 

 also recorded from Lophyrus; caesijrons, for which the biology is 

 best known, belongs to Pantel's group 1, and forms a primary breathing 

 hole; one larva develops in each host; generally the parasite pupates 

 outside the host; the pupa hibernates, and the species has only 

 one yearly brood. 



About 10 European species are known, but besides a number 



