378 Tachinidae. 



paler at base; discai angle often somewhat rounded and obtuse. 

 Sqiiamulæ white. H alteres yellow. 



Female. Similar; frons not as broad as the eye; frontal stripe 

 about as broad as the orbits. Abdomen withoiit red markings. 



Length 7 — 9 mm. 



C.gnava is somewhat common in Denmark; Kongelund on 

 Amager, Lundtofte, Holte, Donse, Tisvilde, Rørvig; on Langeland 

 at Lohals; on Lolland at Nakskov and in Jutland at Sønderborg, 

 Laven and Silkeborg; the dates are ^^/g into August. It is known as 

 parasite on Dasychira pudibunda, Orgyia antiqua, Lymantria dispar, 

 Stilpnotia salicis, Malacosoma neustria and Arctia caja. With us it 

 has been bred from Malacosoma and Stilpnotia (Nielsen: Vidensk, 

 Medd. fra Dansk naturh. Foren. 63, 1911, 1 and Mindeskr. f. Japetus 

 Steenstrup XV, 1913). It has two broods in the year; Nielsen men- 

 tions that some larvæ pupated on ^j^ — ^^Z,, and the imagines came 

 on ^Z, — ^Zs- The Carcelia larva bores out of the host larva just at the 

 pupation, or sometimes of the pupa, and pupates in the ground, and 

 it hibernates as pupa; in rare cases it pupates in the skin of the host 

 larva. One to four parasites may be found in one host. I possess 

 some specimens from an undetermined lepidopterous larva, they 

 emerged on ^^Zs — ^^U- 



Geographical distribution: — Europe; towards the north to 

 middle Sweden (see below). 



Remarks: Under Tachina excavata Zett. the author says: "in 

 Dania, D.Westermann"; this species is considered synonym to 

 excisa Fall. In Westermann's collection I do not fmd excavata, but a 

 specimen labelled excisa and this is gnava. C. excisa is thus not found 

 in Denmark, and that excavata Zett. is identical with gnava, an 

 opinion also expressed to me by Dr. Villeneuve, is fiirther proved by 

 my examination of Zetterstedt's types; I have seen a male and a 

 female; the male is gnava, the female thereagainst is laxifrons, but 

 the description evidently refers to the male. — It seems to me that 

 also processioneae apud Stein is the present species, and also this view 

 is communicated to me by Dr. Villeneuve, who also declares gnava 

 apud Stein = lucorum B. B. + hombylans R. D. 



2. C. cheloniae Rond. 



1859. Rond. Dipt. Ital. Prodr. III, 138, 23 {Exorista). — 1891. B. B. 

 Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LVIII, 320 {Parexorista). — 1907. Kat. palåarkt. 

 Dipt. III, 234. — 1912. Villen. La Feuille des jeun. Nat. V, 42, 90. — 1921. 



