10 Orthorrhapha brachycera. 



the produced margin of the shield, is on each segment a very small 

 spine or papilla with hairs; the last segment has six along the hind 

 margin beiow. In the hind margin of the last segment are two long 

 threads similar to the anterior threads; at the base outside to them 

 are the short posterior spiracular tubes, which thus are very distant; 

 the larva is consequently amphipneustic, On the ventral side there are 

 some short spines or hairs. The length is 3,5 mm. — The pupa lies 

 in the larval skin ; the puparium therefore is quite similar to the larva, 

 but it has very small, brown anterior spiracular tubes, protruding 

 (through holes already diseernible as thin-skinned spots in the larva) 

 on each side near the front-margin of first abdominal segment (or, if 

 this one is coalesced with metathorax, of the second abdominal segment). 

 At the emerging of the imago the puparium opens with a T-shaped 

 split, the transverse portion of which lies in the middle of metathorax, 

 while the longitudinal portion stretches to the end of second abdominal 

 segment, and here also a small transverse split is seen. — As men- 

 tioned above I have also seen a pupa of which L. furcata was bred, 

 and I can conflrm de Meijere's suggestion with regard to the puparium 

 described by him as probably belonging to this species, as I find all 

 the characters given by him agreeing with my puparium ; it is of a 

 more whitish colour than that of lutea; the striation or serration of 

 the hind margins to the segments is nearly wanting; the prothoracal 

 filaments are short; the outer mesothoracal are more than half as 

 long as the inner; of marginal serrations there are about four between 

 the inner filaments, and three between these and the outer; in lutea 

 the outer mesothoracal filaments are about one third or fourth of the 

 inner in length and placed near to them without marginal serrations 

 between, and between the inner filaments are about fourteen marginal 

 serrations; on the last segment there are in furcata about five to six 

 marginal serrations between the filaments, and outwards to these latter 

 is on each side the last marginal papilla placed on a long peduncle; 

 in lutea there are about twelve marginal serrations between the fila- 

 ments, and the last marginal papilla is short and placed just inwards 

 to or below the filament; the length of the puparium of furcata is 

 3 mm, of lutea 3,5 mm. 



Aecording to the above mentioned the larva lives between dry 

 or decaying leaves on the ground, especially on more or less humid 

 piaces, in refuse of vegetables in fens or at the horders of water; 

 the pupæ are found on the same piaces, generally attached to leaves. 

 The larva seems to hibernate, but there are no doubt more than one 

 brood in the year, as pupæ have been found late in the season in 

 September and November; I think the development is quite irregular 



