Lonchopteridae. 9 



the shore on ^^/n, and in fens in flood refuse on ^/2, ^/s and ^^/4, one 

 of tiie latter developing in April; further a pupa of lutea sifted from 

 flood refuse at a pond on ^^h, developing on ^/s, and another found 

 sitting on a dry leaf on the ground in a wood on ^•'/4, it developed 

 on 2^/4, and finally I have examined a pupa of L. furcata found on 

 the leaf of a turnip on ^'^/g, it developed on ^^/g. But besides these I 

 have had numerous pupæ of lutea and especially of furcata found in 

 fens in flood refuse of vegetables in spring, but only one single 

 specimen of lutea was ever bred, all others were infested by various 

 parasitic Hymenoptera. — The larva of lutea is yellowish brown, 

 darker above, paler below; it is elongated elliptical, flat below, some- 

 what arched above or here a little carinate along the middle; the 

 segments are well chitinized above, and the larva is of a curious 

 appearance, as each segment is, as it were, covered by a shield, the 

 larva therefore is not unlike a small Oniscus. The head and pro- 

 thorax are more or less retracted, but meso- and metathorax are 

 distinct, and then follow six abdominal segments; these eight segments 

 have each the mentioned shield-like appearance; thus counted there 

 would be ten segments, but de Meijere thinks, and no doubt correctly, 

 that metathorax, which is the longest segment, is formed of meta- 

 thorax and first abdominal segment; perhaps also the last segment 

 includes two; if so, we get the normal number of twelve segments. 

 The mouth parts I have not examined closely ; according to de Meijere 

 there is above a triangular labrum, at the sides small mandibles with 

 a few slight teeth and larger maxillæ with a molar part, and on the 

 outside a small palpus; below there is a lower lip. Above on each 

 side there is a distinct, two-jointed antenna, with the apical joint 

 short. On each side of protnorax is a thin, attenuating thread, 

 directed forwards; at their bases outwards lies on each side the small 

 prothoracal spiracular tubercle. On the front margin of mesothorax 

 is at each side a similar thread as on prothorax, but a little longer, 

 and behind them, on the side, a third pair, quite short. Each of the 

 eight chitinized segments has the side- and hind-margins of the shield 

 produced as a thin rim, and this rim is curiously incised with numer- 

 ous, dense incisions, perpendicular on the margin, so that the margin 

 looks as striated; the first chitinized segment, mesothorax, has the 

 front- but not the hind-margin so ornamented ; thus the margin all 

 round and the incisures, except the first, are striated. On the side- 

 margin is a number of small spines or papillæ, one on each side of 

 mesothorax just behind the short filament, then four on each side of 

 the long (double) metathorax, and two on each side of the following 

 segments, except the last which has also four; along the side, below 



