g Orthorrhapha brachycera. 



In the female abdomen is pointed; it has six visible segments, the 

 first liltewise long; a very small seventh segment is also seen, and at 

 the end there are two very small, hairy lamellæ. Tiie probable real 

 number of abdominal segments was mentioned under the family. Ab- 

 domen is sparingly clothed with short hairs, a little longer near the 

 hind margin of the segments and at the sides. Legs somev^hat long 

 and slender, femora a little thickened ; the four last joints on the front 

 tarsi somewhat dilated in the male, and in this sex sometimes the 

 hind tibiæ dilated towards the end. The legs are short-haired ; the 

 anterior coxæ have bristles, and the femora and tibiæ more or fewer, 

 varying in the various species, and sometimes different in the two 

 sexes; in the male there are some stronger bristles below the second and 

 third joints on front tarsi ; the hind metatarsus has bristles below at 

 base and apex. Glaws and pulvilli small. No empodium. Wings of 

 a characteristic shape, elongated elliptical with a pointed apex; alula 

 and axillary lobe small or nearly wanting; no discai cell; discai vein 

 forked, apparently issuing from the postical vein; medial cross-vein 

 quite near the base. Nearly all the veins spinulous. Squamula alaris 

 very small, squamula thoracalis not developed, but the frenulum 

 visible. With regard to the interpretation of the wing-venation see 

 under the family. In rest the wings lie parallel over abdomen, one 

 covering the other. 



The developmental stages are well known. The larva (of lutea?) 

 was described by Lubbock (Trans. ent. Soc. London, 3, V, 1862—64, 

 338); they were found below pieces of wood. Frauenfeld mentions 

 the larva of lutea (trilineata) in 1869 (Verh. zool. bot. Geseli. Wien, 

 XIX, 941); it was found in winter on the ground below the rosette 

 of leaves of a Girsium, and it was bred about three weeks later. 

 Brauer mentions the exuvium of the same larva (Verh. zool. bot. 

 Gesell. Wien, XIX, 1869, 843). De Meijere in his above cited mono- 

 graph from 1900 describes and figures the larva, likewise of lutea\ 

 the author found the larva in January between old leaves of Salix on 

 the ground in a wood, and again in April and then togetlier with some 

 pupæ; he also found some larvæ in autumn two of which were only 

 half grown, while a third pupated soon after. In the monograph over 

 Lonchoptera from 1906 the author further mentions a pupa found in 

 November, and small and larger larvæ found in the middle of 

 January in a garden on dry leaves on the ground; one of these 

 was bred in April; on pag. 94 he mentions a pupa found on 

 ^2/o, which he thinks belonged to L. furcata ; this is also correct (see 

 below). I have myself examined larvæ of L. lutea found at the roots 

 of water piants on ^^12, and larvæ and pupæ found below reeds on 



