Chilosia. 125 



tions and figures a pupa found in truffles which seems to be a Chilosia- 

 pupa. Leon Dufour mentions and describes the larva of C. scutellata 

 from Boletus edulis and pinetorum (Ann. Se, nat. XIII, 1840, 149, PL 

 III, fig. 1—4. — Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de Fr. 3, I, 1853, 384); the 

 same author describes the larva of C. vernalis? (aerea) (Ann. Se. nat. 

 3, IX, 1848, 205, PI. XVI, fig. 6— 10); it was found at the end of 

 October under decaying leaves of Verbaseum pulverulentum, the imago 

 came in April the next spring. Van Roser found the larva of C. scutel- 

 lata in rotten fungi (Wiirttemb. Gorr. Bl. 1 1, 1834). Zetterstedt mentions 

 the pupa of C. variabilis and albitarsis {flavimana), the latter developed 

 on 21/7 (Dipt. Scand. II, 1843, 790, 795). Scheffer (Rossi: SysL Verz. 

 1848, 41, 28) mentions the larva of C. mutabilis; it was found gregarious 

 in the upper end of the roots of Carduus acanthoides; it pupated in 

 the earth. Boie (Stett. enL Zeitg. XI, 1850, 212) bred C. albipila 

 (flavicornis) from the stalks of Carduus crispus and Girsium oleraeeum 

 w^here the larva is found in autumn near the roots; it pupates in the 

 earth ; the imago came in May, some bred in a warm room already 

 in March. Goureau bred a species from truffles of which he describes 

 the male to be similar to mutabilis and the female to scutellata (Ann. 

 Soc. Ent de Fr. 2, X, 1852, Bull. LXXV and Laboulbéne, ibid. 4, IV, 

 1864, 88) (according to Verrall, 221, it seems that the male was 

 scutellata, the female soror). Kaltenbach mentions C. vernalis? [nitidula); 

 the larva lives in May and June in the stalk of Matricaria chamomilla, 

 through which it goes down to the root; it pupates in the earth; the 

 first imago came on ^"/g (Verh. nat. Ver. pr. Rhelnl. 1864, 233). Frauen- 

 feld bred C. cynocephala from the stalk of Carduus nutans (Verh. zool. 

 bot, Gesell. W^ien, XVI, 1866,976); Kaltenbach made the same observa- 

 tion; the larva begins in the bud and goes downwards; the imagines 

 came in June and first in July (Die Pflanzenfeinde, 1874,378); further 

 Frauenfeld found the larva of C. scutellata in Polyporus (ibid. XVIII, 

 1868, 161). Weyenbergh describes and illustrates the metamorphoses 

 of C. albipila (chri/socoma); the larvæ live in the stalk of Carduus 

 crispus and they go down to the root, which they eat so that the 

 plant dies; they pupated in the beginning of October, the imagines 

 came in spring (Nederland. Tijdschr, v. Entom. XII, 1869, 164, Tab, V). 

 C. vernalis Fall. ? (chalybeata) was bred by Hardy from stalks of Sonchus 

 oleraceus (Scott. Naturalist, I, 177). Kaltenbach mentions that C. chloris 

 has been bred in June from larvæ living in the roots of Petasites 

 niveus; further he records the larva of C. variabilis, which lives in 

 spring and summer in the stalks of Carduus nutans and acanthoides 

 and Girsium lanceolatum, It begins in the buds and goes down 

 through the stalks; the attack causes the plant to be low and richly 



