jgg Syrphidae. 



branched as the middle stalk is destroyed (Die Pflanzenfeinde, 1874, 

 3:25 and 378). Brischke found the larva of a species which he thonght 

 to be gigantea Zett. in the roots of Scrophularia nodosa, where they 

 made cavities; they were found in August, the pupa hibernated and 

 developed the next March (Entom. Nachricht. VI, 1880,56); Mik thinivs 

 (Wien. ent. Zeitg. VI, 1887, 264) that the species may be velutina 

 Loew. Beling describes the metamorphoses of C. fasciata ; the larva 

 lives in the leaves of Allium ursinum in June feeding on the paren- 

 chym and thereby causing elongated, yellow coloured cavities; they 

 pupated in the earth; the imagines came next spring in April (Verh. 

 zool. bot. Geseli. Wien, XXXVIII, 1888, 3), Carpenter records the meta- 

 morphoses of C. antiqua (sparsa); the larvæ w^ere found in Primroses, 

 e. g. Primula pulverulenta, in the upper part of the roots and in the 

 lower, thickened part of the stem ; they were found in spring in May, 

 but it is recorded that they may be present as early as February 

 and as late as September; the author thinks it probable that the pupal 

 stage is normal for wintering, but I should be inelined to think that 

 it is the larva which hibernates. A specimen was bred in May (The 

 Economic Proceed. Roy. Dubl. Soc. II, 1913, 96, PI. X, figs. D 1-3). 

 Fryer mentions larvæ of C. variabilis, they were found in roots of 

 Scrophularia nodosa in September, the imago came next spring on ^5 

 (Ent. Month. Mag. LI, 1915, 193). Finally I record below the pupa 

 of C. scuteUata, intonsa, albitarsis and vernalis, of which intonsa was 

 found in Februar and April, albitarsis in Februar, April and May and 

 vernalis in May, all in flood refuse. Further I possess a larva which 

 is no doubt a C/^^7os^■a-larva ; it is reddish brown, 10 — 12 mm long; 

 it was taken by the consulting agriculturist Mrs. S. Rostrup in the 

 roots of Turnips on ^^/lo in Charlottenlund ; about tvvelve per cent of 

 the piants were destroyed by the attack, but the larva was not bred. 

 According to the descriptions the larvæ of Chilosia are whitish 

 or yellowish to brownish, slightly flattened below, somewhat attenuated 

 towards both ends; they are transversely corrugated and somewhat 

 but short spinulose or granulated; they have strong mouth hooks; 

 there are two small anterior spiracles or spiracular processes; at the 

 posterior end are some (4—6) point ed warts and a short, more or 

 less longitudinally divided posterior spiracular process; it is a little 

 constricted in the middle, granulated and with a flat end bearing the 

 spiracles. The pupa is generally darker to brownish; it is arched above, 

 more flattened below; there are two about 0,5 mm long, cylindrical 

 anterior spiracular tubes; these tubes are generally reddish, trans- 

 versely corrugated, pointing upwards and somewhat forwards, and 

 distant at the base; the anterior larval spiracles lie at the anterior 



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