Ferdinandea. 543 



cell; marginal cross-veins normal; base of the radial vein with distinct 

 bristles. No sligniatical cross-vein. The thoracai squamula has long, 

 richly branched hairs, the hairs have a long stem with branches at 

 the sides and are divided into branches above; the alar squamula has 

 shorter, a little flattened hairs. Plumula rather long, with somewhat 

 long, simple or slightly branched hairs. 



The developmental stages of F. cuprea are known. Fallen men- 

 tions the pupa {ruficornis) as found at the foot of a wounded tree 

 (Dipt. Suec. Syrph. 1817, 50). Zetterstedt (Dipt. Scand. II, 1843, 780) 

 mentions the larva {ruficornis) found in wounds on oak-trees and the 

 pupa found in the ground at the roots in the middle of July. Brauer 

 records that the larvæ may be found in exsuding sap on stems of 

 Aesculus, Acer, Populus etc, but he gives no further information. 

 The pupa (nigrifrons) is mentioned by Vimmer (Gasopis Soc. ent. 

 Bohem. VIII, 1911) but I have not seen this paper. I have myself 

 examined larvæ and pupæ of i^. cuprea and ruficornis; the larvæ were 

 taken in sap in a Populus alba attacked by Cossus, on ^Vs ; on the 

 same place pupæ were found in the earth next spring on ^^/s, they 

 developed on ^^U and in the foUowing time. The imagines were 

 cuprea but also a couple of specimens of ruficornis were bred; the 

 larvæ of the two species thus had lived together. Pupæ of cuprea 

 were further taken in a decaying tree in April, they developed on Vs. 

 The larva of F. cuprea (and as I could fmd no difference between 

 my larvæ taken on the above mentioned occasion, I think the larva of 

 ruficornis is quite similar) is elongate, almost cylindrical, only very 

 slightly flattened below ; it is slightly attenuated just in front and still 

 less behind ; the dermis is chagreened from dense, fme, recurved spines ; 

 the body is transversely corrugated but not deeply, each abdominal 

 segment shows about three corrugations ; above and at the sides are 

 some small warts with a little larger spine, divided at the apex; these 

 small warts are regularly placed on the corrugations in the same way 

 as in other Syrphid larvæ, only the six warts above are on all seg- 

 ments placed on the same corrugation, the two lateral, however, more 

 posteriorly than the two median. On the ventral side there are seven 

 pairs of slight prolegs with small spines on the first seven abdominal 

 segments; also on metathorax a pair are traceable; above the mouth 

 opening the antennæ-like organs are present, each ending with two 

 small papillæ; at the hind margin of the prothoracal segment lies at 

 each side a very small anterior spiracular tube, brown at the apex. 

 The mentioned small warts above and at the sides increase in size 

 backwards, on the last segment they form six conical filaments, three 

 at each side, surrounding the segment; in the middle of the posterior 



