CLASSIFICATION 43 



the arrangement of the subfamilies is quite different from that 

 proposed in 1896. The subfamily Conchaspinae, which did not 

 appear in the previous list, is placed between the Margarodinae 

 and the Coccinae. Four of the subfamilies of the previous list are 

 distributed among the five tribes of the subfamily Coccinae: (1) 

 Hemicoccinae is changed to Kermesini, (2) Asterolecaniinae to 

 Asterolecanini, (3) Brachyscelinae to Brachyscelini, and (4) 

 Idiococcinae is included with the Eriococcini. A new tribe. 

 Dactylopini, is added to this subfamily. The subfamil}^ name 

 Tachardiinae, to include the lac insects and first used by Green, 

 is adopted here. The arrangement of both of the classifications of 

 Cockerell are evidently intended to show a disposition in an 

 ascending order instead of a descending order as was evidentl}^ 

 intended by Signoret, Comstock. and Maskell. 



Newstead, '01, in his "Coccidae of the British Isles" has 

 "with slight alterations, adopted the very clear and comprehensive 

 divisions recently given by Mr. E. E. Green, adding thereto the 

 subdivision Margarodincc, which, from the absence of mouth-parts 

 in the adult female, I agree wdth Professor Cockerell naturally 

 calls for a separate division. I should also add that Mr. Green 

 places the Conchaspincc before the Diaspinar; but it seems to me, 

 although I may be quite wrong, that the insects comprising this 

 subfamily are more naturally placed in the ascending order above 

 the Diaspincc, and I have therefore made this additional deviation 

 from Mr. Green 's classification. ' ' 



The first complete "Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World" 

 was published in 1903 by Mrs. M. E. Fernald. There are nine 

 subfamilies recognized in this work arranged in the following order : 

 Monophlebinae, Margarodinae, Ortheziinae, Phenacoleachiinae. 

 Conchaspinae, Dactylopiinae, Tachardiinae, Coccinae, and Dias- 

 pinae. The arrangement of the subfamilies and genera is in an 

 ascending order. The first three subfamilies of this list are similar 

 in extent to the same group of Cockerell, Green, and Newstead. 

 The fourth subfamily, Phenacoleachiinae, erected by Cockerell, is 

 for a peculiar species and genus described from New Zealand by 

 Maskell. The position of the Conchaspinae is the anomalous one 

 of the classification of Cockerell, near the Dactylopiinae. The 

 Dactylopiinae includes the Brachyscelinae, Asterolecaniinae, 

 Kermesinae, Eriococcinae, Idiococcinae, and Dactylopinae of other 

 authors. The type of each genus is indicated. The genus Coccus, 

 which had been used by all previous writers for the cochineal 



