CLASSIFICATION 55 



consisting of single segment; body with ceratubae, never with 

 cerores; legs and antennae always present, latter consisting of 

 six segments. Diaspidinae. 



FEMALE NYMPHS 



Abdomen never with caudal end strongly chitinized and flattened, 

 forming pygidium, even if flattened, not with pectinae, plates, or 

 ceratubae; legs present or wanting, if wanting, body never covered 

 by leaf-like scale with exuviae. 

 b. Legs present or wanting, if present, never with body covered by 

 leaf -like scale without exuviae; tibio-tarsal sutures rarely obso- 

 lete, if so, body with numerous pilacerores; abdominal spiracles, 

 if present, not limited to first abdominal segment. 

 c. Abdomen not longitudinally cleft at caudal end with operculum 

 on each side of cleft, if apparently cleft, body provided with 

 octacerores. 

 d. Abdomen always without anal ring and anal ring setae. 

 e. Legs and antennae wanting. 

 f. Abdomen with first pair of spiracles dorsal in position, 

 others ventral; body of insect usually encased in irreg- 

 ular cyst of over-lapping plates, somewhat pine-cone- 

 like; insects living in ground; rectum never chitinized 

 and provided with rings of anacerores excreting long 

 thread-like tube of wax; abdominal spiracular tracheae 



never with cerores. Margarodinae. 



ff. Abdomen with first pair of spiracles, when present, on 

 same aspect as those of other segments; body of insect 

 never encased in irregular cyst of overlapping plates; 

 insects arboreal in their habits; rectum strongly Chit- 

 inized and provided with rings of anacerores excreting 

 long thread-like tube of wax; abdominal spiracular 



tracheae with cerores. Xylococcinae. 



ee. Legs and antennae present; rectum never with rings of 

 anacerores, spiracular tracheae never with cerores, or 

 body never encased in irregular cyst of over-lapping 

 plates, 

 f. Abdomen never with any indication of anal lobes and 

 never with anal setae; legs usually present and normal 

 in form, 

 g. Cuticle of body never bearing numerous short trun- 

 cate setae; abdomen frequently with spiracles, 

 h. Abdomen either without spiracles or if with 

 spiracles, usually with more than three pairs, if 

 with three pairs, located on segments six to eight, 

 i. Abdomen usually with lateral and caudal mar- 

 gins fringed with band of setae, more numerous 

 and longer than those of dorsal or ventral 

 aspects, among which are located large cerores; 

 rostrum consisting of two or three segments. 



MONOPHLEBINAE. 



