CHAPTER V 



SUBFAMILY 3IONOPHL.EBI\AE 



The Giant Coccids 



The body of the adult female is rotund or strongly convex on the 

 dorsal and flat on the ventral aspect. The cephalic, the caudal, and the 

 lateral margins are broadly convex. The segments are generally well 

 defined. The caudal end of the body is not inflated and the cephalic and 

 lateral margins are not provided with a keel. The antennae are prom- 

 inent, usually consist of eight to eleven segments, and are articulated 

 to the ventral aspect of the head near each lateral margin. The eyes 

 are present. There is a single ocellana located on each side of the 

 head near the articulation of an antennae. The mouth-parts are always 

 present, the rostrum consists of two or three segments, rarely of only a 

 single segment, and the rostralis is long and slender. The legs are 

 present. They are subequal in length and normal in form. The profe- 

 mora are never enlarged and the prothoracic legs are never fitted for 

 digging. The trochanto-femoral and tibio-tarsal sutures of all the legs 

 are always distinct. The spiracles of the mesothorax and metathorax 

 are normal in form and ventral in position. The mesothoracic spiracles 

 are never located near the anus. The abdominal spiracles are located 

 on the lateral or dorsal aspect, are variable in number, varying from 

 eight pairs to none, and are never large in size. The spiracular tracheae 

 of the abdominal spiracles are not provided with one or more rings of 

 cerores. The stigmatic clefts, spinae, and canellae are wanting. The 

 abdomen is about as long as the head and thorax together. It is convex 

 on the dorsal and ventral aspects, is never depressed. The lateral mar- 

 gins are uniformly convex. All of the segments are fully exposed and 

 subsimilar in appearance with coriae between them, none are retracted 

 to form a marsupium. The abdomen is never provided with an anal 

 cleft and opercula, an anal ring and anal ring setae, or anal lobes and 

 anal setae. The caudal abdominal segment is never short and narrow 

 and extending beyond the other segments. The body is provided with 

 cerores none of which are octacerores or pilacerores and is never 

 provided with ceratubae. The body is never enclosed in a resinous cell 

 with three adjacent openings or covered by a scale with or without 

 exuviae, but may be more or less covered or associated with white 

 powdery wax or loose woolly excretion of wax or may rest upon a large 

 mass of wax with or without a fiuted surface and with an internal mass 

 of doughy wax. The rectum is never provided with a long glassy tube 

 of wax or with a chitinized tube bearing rings of anaccrores. The body 

 is never naked and gall-like in form. 



The female nymphs of all stages are provided with a rostrum of two 

 or three segments and a long rostralis. The three pairs of legs are 



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