SUBFAMILY PHENACOLEACHIINAE 117 



with two hooks, are sometimes so rudimentary that the insect is 

 almost apterous. 



This insect is of great interest. The eleven segmented 

 antennae of the adult female and the lack of anal lobes and anal 

 setae marks it as a generalized species while the well developed 

 anal ring shows a relationship with the anal ring eonservers. The 

 number of simple eyes in the male, their arrangement, and the 

 presence of ocelli would suggest that this is a stage in the trans- 

 formation of compound eyes to groups of simple eyes. The males 

 of all the preceeding subfamilies but one, the Coccinae, have com- 

 pound eyes. Most of these also have a well developed ocellus 

 caudad of each compound eye. It may be assumed that all the 

 facets of each compound eye of Phenacoleachia have been lost 

 except those forming a half of the ring of each side. The facets 

 of the compound eyes w^here they are present are usually large 

 and not closely associated. It is easy to understand how the 

 various types with a varying number of ocellanae of the other sub- 

 families have been developed from a condition such as is found in 

 Phenacoleachia. The reduction has proceeded in all females until 

 there is only a single ocellana present on each side of the head. 

 The fact that in certain if not all wingless males, there is only a 

 single ocellana on each side, might lead one to assume that a 

 larger number was not needed in order to locate the females. 



Phenacoleachia Ckll. — There is a single species in this subfamily, 

 Phenacoleachia zealandica Maskell from New Zealand, where it occurs 

 upon Podocarpus, Cupressus, and Fagus. This species was referred to 

 the genus Leachia by Maskell and later transferred to Palaeococcus which 

 is another name for the same group by Cockerell who erected in 1899 

 the present generic name, Phenacoleachia. 



