SUBFAMILY ERIOCOCCINAE 121 



legs and antennae of the male appear after the second molt. The 

 antennae and legs of the nymph are lost at the first molt. The 

 adult males are minute fragile creatures with delicate wings. 

 The halteres are small and provided with hooks. The males of 

 Fonscolombia are always wingless and the males of a few other 

 genera are sometimes wingless. 



The wax excreted by the female on different parts of the body 

 appears from a cursory examination to be identical. A careful 

 examination will show, however, that there are several different 

 types. An unpublished study of the cerores of Pseudococcus citri 

 and the wax they excrete was made in 1907 under my directions 

 by Robert Matheson, he found that there were several distinct 

 types, four or more, and that the wax excreted from each of these 

 types was of a different kind, but the difference could be determined 

 only in most cases after a careful microscopical examination of the 

 wax. The predominant type of ceroris in this species is the 

 diamond-shaped cerores with numerous openings. These have been 

 named the tricerores. While they are of general occurrence on all 

 parts of the dorsal and lateral aspects, they are usually more 

 numerous upon the anal lobes and form the pencils or projections 

 of wax attached to the anal lobes. These pencils are not confined 

 to the anal lobes but in many species there is a row of them along 

 each lateral margin of the body. The lateral pencils are excreted 

 by groups of tricerores like those of the anal lobes. The porrect 

 form of the pencils is due to the presence of one or more 

 short conical setae. The number varies not only with the segment 

 but with the species. The setae are typical in form and frequently 

 are as broad as long. They are usually associated with the tri- 

 cerores and support the pencils of wax. Berlese named these 

 groups of tricerores and conical setae filiere. They are also known 

 as cerari, cerarii, and filuri. There are eighteen pairs of cerari on 

 each side of the body in the common greenhouse Pseudococcus, 

 which must take the name of destructor Comstock, while there are 

 only seventeen in citri according to Berlese, Marchal, and Ferris. 

 The cerari of destructor are arranged, four on the head, only three 

 in citri, two on each thoracic segment and one on each of the eight 

 abdominal segments. The cerari of the anal lobes, the eighteenth 

 pair, as they are generally counted, are larger than those on the 

 other segments of the body. These cerari are known as the anal 

 cerari and all the others as the lateral cerari. If necessary those 

 of the head, thorax, and abdomen can be distinguished as the head 



