SUBFAMILY KERMESUNAE 195 



ticular care was taken to observe them, none was noted. If the 

 body of the dried female is opened in the fall, it will be found 

 completely filled with white empty egg shells. The young nypmhs 

 resemble miniature mealy bugs. 



The adult males according to Signoret resemble the males of 

 the Eriococcinae. They complete their final transformations in 

 small white felt-like cocoons of wax attached to the ventral surface 

 of the leaves. Comstock figures the cocoons of the males of 

 galliformis Riley on the underside of the leaves. Nothing of their 

 early development appears to be known. The head bears ten 

 ocellanae, five on each side of the head. The dorsal and ventral 

 pairs are much larger than the others. The antennae are very 

 long and consist of ten segments. The wings are long and the 

 halteres are distinct with distinct hooks. The legs are long and 

 slender, the femur and tibia are subequal and each is much longer 

 than the tarsus which bears a simple claw and two tarsal and two 

 ungual digitules. The abdomen is elongate. The stylus is about 

 as broad as long and the caudal end bears two long thread-like pro- 

 jections, longer than the entire body and evidently formed of wax. 



Kermes Boit. — A considerable number of American species of the 

 genus Kermes have been described. These in most cases are based upon 

 the form and color of the gall-like or berry-like body of the adult fe- 

 male. The following table for the separation of these species is based 

 upon the tables and descriptions of Cockerell, King, and Ehrhorn. The 

 table must be used with caution, unfortunately it includes practically all 

 the information given in the various descriptions. In every case where 

 the body of the insect is referred to, the body of the adult female is 

 meant. 



SPECIES OF KERMES 



a. Body either sparsely pubescent or covered with wax. 



b. Body sparsely pubescent and naked; 3.6 mm. broad by 3 mm. 

 high; light brown with obscure and suffused dark brown bands, 

 surface shining, with concolorous specks, without dark spots or 

 pits. — Massachusetts, Ohio, Indiana, Kansas on Quercus macro- 



oarpa. pubescens Bogue. 



bb. Body without setae but covered with wax. 



c. Body covered, except on middle of back, with snow-white 

 powdery wax; 4.5 mm. broad and 3 mm. high; resembles small 

 species of Lecanium in shape; dark sepia brown in color and 

 irregularly marbled with black and pale ochreous, beset with 

 numerous minute dark spots. — Massachusetts on Quercus alba. — 



nivalis King & Ckll. 



cc. Body covered with wax, but never snowy white, 

 d. Body over three millimeters in diameter. 



