202 THE COCCIDAE 



are greatly reduced in size and the ocellanae are apparently want- 

 ing. The legs are also reduced, the prothoracic pair is directed 

 cephalad and the others are directed caudad. The distance be- 

 tween the first and second pairs is much greater than that between 

 the second and third. The abdomen tapers and the caudal segment 

 is long and deeply cleft, the portion on each side of the cleft forms 

 a stout, divergent, sharply pointed projection bearing several 

 setae. Each of these projections is a modified anal lobe. The 

 cephalic part of the ventral aspect bears a distinct anal ring with 

 six anal ring setae. The surface of the body is covered with mealy 

 wax. 



The body of the adult female has been generally compared by 

 the writers on the Apiomorphinae, so far as their shape is con- 

 cerned, to a peg-top. It is yellow or brownish in color with a 

 distinct segmentation, the distinctness of which is emphasized by 

 the constrictions between the segments. The head and prothorax, 

 as is usual with coccids, are poorly separated and form a large 

 cephalic region bearing the mouth-parts, the antennae, and the 

 prothoracic legs when these are present. There is a deep trans- 

 verse furrow on the ventral aspect separating the mesothorax and 

 metathorax, from which there extends on the meson a broad furrow 

 connecting with the curving furrow between the prothorax and 

 mesothorax. This latter has been called the facial furrow by 

 Fuller. The furrows produce a chin-like elevation upon which the 

 mouth-parts are situated. There is considerable variation in the 

 width of the mesothorax, which is usually the widest segment of 

 the body. There is a corresponding variation in the shape of the 

 facial furrow and its surrounding parts. The antennae and legs, 

 even when present, are greatly reduced and the antennae some- 

 times consist of only three segments. Fuller states that the tho- 

 racic spiracles are distinct in the adult females of Ascelis and 

 Cystococcus. The abdomen is conical and the three or four caudal 

 segments are strongly chitinized. It is usually as long as the head 

 and thorax together but in Cystococcus the abdomen is a mere 

 tubercle. The anal ring and anal ring setae are apparently want- 

 ing in the adult female. The caudal margin of each of the 

 abdominal segments is usually fringed with a transverse row of 

 conical spine-like projections, this appears to be always true in 

 Apiomorpha. These projections are probably used by the insect 

 in moving about in its cell in the gall. The caudal end of the 

 abdomen bears two long slender anal lobes in Apiomorpha and in 



