SUBFAMILY APIOMORPHINAE 203 



some species of Opisthoscelis, but are wanting in Ascelis. It is 

 the presence of these lobes that gives the caudal end of the body 

 of the insect a cleft appearance. It is claimed by Schrader that 

 the anal lobes are used to keep the orifice in the gall open. This 

 orifice is in the free end of the gall. While the anal lobes bear 

 numerous setae, none of them can be identified as the anal setae. 

 The body bears long slender setae, conical setae, and cerores. 

 From these latter there is excreted powdery or mealy wax which 

 completely coats the body of the insect. 



The galls formed by the males have already been described. 

 The males as they are figured by Froggatt resemble miniature 

 two-winged ant-lions. The wings as represented are much broader 

 than in the case of other male coccids. The abdomen is long, 

 slender, and cylindrical and bears two long thread-like filaments at 

 the caudal end which are twice as long as the entire body and are 

 probably formed of wax. The antennae are long, setaceous, and 

 consist of about ten segments. Froggatt states that, ''when full 

 grown the males emerge from the neighboring galls, and by means 

 of their slender, pointed abdomen impregnate the imprisoned 

 female through the apical orifice, through which the latter can 

 exsert her anal appendages. After impregnation the males die, 

 and the females become a mass of eggs, from which the young 

 larvae soon emerge, crawling through the opening in the gall and 

 leaving the empty shell of the mother behind in the gall." 



The writers upon the apiomorphids liave .jnot giiven any 

 synopsis of the species, but have contented themselves with de- 

 scribing the galls, the adults, and certain of the nymphal stages. 

 Froggatt makes the following. comment as to the females: "To a 

 casual observer the female coccids would appear very much alike 

 but though there is a very strong resemblance in most cases, there 

 are besides the difference in form, several very good specific peculi- 

 arities ; firstly, in the form, shape, and situation of the anal append- 

 ages; secondly, in the hairy coating on the abdominal segments; 

 and thirdly, in the number, shape, and regularity of the distribu- 

 tion of the tubercles and fine-toothed spines covering the upper 

 side of the abdominal segments." 



The four genera of Apiomorphinae can be distinguished by 

 means of the following table : — 



