CHAPTER XIX 



SUBFAMILY CYLINDROCOCCINAE 



The Luhherly Coccids 



The body of the adult female is variable in form, circular and thick- 

 ened, spherical or globular, or cylindrical and elongate. The lateral 

 margins are broadly convex or subvertical, rarely if ever sharply mar- 

 gined. The cephalic and caudal ends are broadly rounded, sometimes 

 continuous with the lateral margins, so that the outline of the body is 

 almost a complete circle, or truncate. The segmentation may be dis- 

 tinct, obscure, or wanting, rarely sharply defined. The caudal end of 

 the body is not inflated and the cephalic and lateral margins are not 

 provided with a keel. The antennae are variable in form, when pres- 

 ent, consist of less than seven segments, frequently rudimentary, mere 

 tubercles, or wanting. They are articulated to the cephalic part of the 

 ventral part of the head. The eyes are apparently wanting. The mouth- 

 parts, rostrum and rostralis, are always present, the rostrum consists 

 of two segments. The legs are present or wanting, when present, they 

 may be subequal in size and similar or may have one pair much longer 

 than the other two pairs or they may all be tuberculate. The profemora 

 are never enlarged and the prothoracic legs are never fitted for digging. 

 The trochanto-femoral and the tibio-tarsal sutures of all normally formed 

 legs are always distinct. The spiracles of the mesothorax and metatho- 

 rax are large and prominent, and ventral in position. The mesothoracic 

 spiracles are never located near the anus. The abdominal spiracles are 

 always wanting. The stigmatic clefts, spinae, and canellae are wanting. 

 The abdomen is variable in length, about as long as the head and thorax 

 together or longer or not as long as the metathorax alone, never de- 

 pressed, but may be thick and flattened. The lateral margins are uni- 

 formly convex without a margin and the caudal end may be rounded or 

 truncate. All the segments are fully exposed and subsimilar in appear- 

 ance, none are retracted to form a marsupium. The abdomen is never 

 provided with an anal cleft and opercula, an anal ring and anal ring 

 setae, or anal lobes and anal setae. The caudal abdominal segment, if 

 sihort and narrow, is never protruding. The body is provided with 

 cerores none of which are octacerores or pilacerores and is never pro- 

 vided with ceratubae. The body is never enclosed in a resinous cell with 

 three adjacent openings or covered by a scale with or without exuviae. 

 The insects either live in galls or live free. The body may be wholly 

 or in part covered by a compact mass of wax with mealy or powdery 

 wax. The rectum is never provided with a long glassy tube of wax or 

 with a chitinized rectal tube with rings of anacerores. The body is 

 never naked and gall-like in form. 



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