208 THE COCCIDAE 



ters used in separating this group from the Cylindrococeinae. The 

 following quotation would suggest that Maskell held a similar 

 view. "Moreover, I propose to characterize the Idiococcidae by 

 such wide and comprehensive features as will permit the future 

 inclusion therein of other genera which may hereafter be discov- 

 ered ; in fact, I mean, the subdivision to serve as a receptacle for, 

 perhaps many insects which cannot possibly enter into the others, 

 and so we may avoid, so far as possible, multiplication of names." 

 The species of one genus of this subfamily form galls upon 

 plants. A considerable number of these are from the Australian 

 region. While the galls of the Apiomorphinae are formed upon the 

 tissue of the stems and leaves of the plants, those of the gall mak- 

 ing species of the Cj'lindrococcinae are in most cases modifica- 

 tions of the buds. The galls resulting from such parts of the 

 plant, are, as in most of the galls formed in similar situations by 

 other insects, miniature cones. The species of a few genera live 

 in blister-like swellings upon the bark or leaves. These swellings 

 are abnormal growths upon the plant and should probably be con- 

 sidered as galls. The galls made by the species of Cylindrococcus 

 are usuall}^ comparatively small, never so voluminous as in the 

 female galls of many apiomorphids. 



The adult females of a number of the species are enclosed in 

 a test of wax which completely encloses them and frequently has 

 an opening at one end or on one side. The wax of the test, when 

 a definite one is formed, is not voluminous, but is hard and not 

 easily soluble in caustic potash. The test in two genera is shaped 

 like a Greecian lamp. In the case of Ourococcus the insect lives 

 in a crevice in the bark, excretes a black covering of wax and a 

 long glassy tail of wax. The three species of Capulina are sug- 

 gestive of the conditions found in this subfamily. The body of the 

 adult female of sallei, the type, is covered with a white cottony 

 sac of wax with a single long caudal tube of wax, jaboticabae makes 

 neither gall nor definite sac and desposits her eggs in a fluffy mass 

 of Avhite cottony wax, while crateriformis makes a small crater- 

 shaped gall or depression. 



There is great variation in the external shape of the adult 

 female. The body may be elongate with parallel sides, cylindrical 

 or subcylindrical in form, or may be orbicular in outline, like a 

 thickened pancake witli the peripheral margin convex. The mouth- 

 parts, including the rostralis and rostrum, are always present. 

 The head and prothorax form a single region in the gall forming 



