CHAPTER XXI 



SUBFAMILY DIASPIDINAE 



The Armored Scales 



The body of the adult female is variable in form, frequently slightly 

 longer than broad, often distinctly broader than long, sometimes four 

 or more times as long as broad, when comparatively short, broadest 

 through the spiracular region, always more or less depressed. The lat- 

 eral margins, at least of the caudal part, always thin and distinct and 

 converging caudad. The caudal end of the body is not inflated and the 

 cephalic and lateral margins are not provided with a keel. The antennae 

 are usually wanting, sometimes each is represented by an unsegmented 

 tubercle located on the ventral aspect, bearing one or more setae. The 

 eyes are wanting. The mouth-parts, rostrum and rostralis, are always 

 present, the rostrum consists of a single globular segment. The legs 

 are always wanting. The spiracles of the mesothorax and metathorax 

 are always present, normal in form and size, ventral in position. The 

 mesothoracic spiracles are never located near the anus. The abdomi- 

 nal spiracles are always wanting. The stigmatic clefts, spinae, and 

 canellae are wanting. The abdomen is rarely if ever longer than the 

 head and thorax together, when the body is elongate, the elongation is 

 confined for the most part to the thorax. The dorsal and ventral sur- 

 faces near together, particularly on the caudal half, where the body is 

 distinctly depressed. The lateral margins sharply defined and convex. 

 The caudal end is bluntly rounded, bluntly pointed, or rarely truncate. 

 All the segments are fully exposed or at least no part is retracted to 

 form a marsupium. The abdomen is never provided with an anal cleft 

 and opercula, an anal ring and anal ring setae, or anal lobes and anal 

 setae. The abdomen is divided into two regions, a cephalic segmented 

 preabdomen and an unsegmented caudal pygidium upon which the caudal 

 segment can not be identified. The body is provided with only a few 

 cerores, limited, when present, to the spiracerores and the genacerores. 

 The body is never provided with pilacerores or octacerores. The cera- 

 tubae are always present. The body is never enclosed in a resinous 

 cell with three adjacent openings. It is always covered by a scale with 

 one or two exuviae. The rectum is never provided with a chitinized 

 rectal tube bearing rings of anacerores excreting a long glassy tube of 

 wax. The body is never naked and gall-like in form. 



The female nymphs of all stages are provided with a rostrum and 

 a rostralis. The three pairs of legs are present in the first nymphal 

 stage and wanting in all others, those of the first nymphal stage are 

 normal in form and structure. The profemora are never greatly en- 

 larged and the prothoracic legs are never fitted for digging. The body 

 is never provided with an anal cleft and opercula, an anal ring and 



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