SUBFAMILY DIASPIDINAE 243 



stage. This statement is added so that the species transforming 

 in puparia, if it is known that the species transform in this way, 

 need have only the second nymphal stage examined. Specimens 

 belonging to the various tribes of Diaspidinae can be distinguished 

 by means of the following table : — 



TRIBES OF DIASPIDINAE 



a. Pygidium of adult female or of second nymphal female always with 

 altaceratubae and frequently with brevaceratubae; scale of adult 

 female usually elongate, several times longer than broad with 

 exuviae at one end, if shorter or round, exuviae placed at or just 

 within periphery, exuviae never central or superimposed, placed al- 

 most end to end, overlapping slightly; exuvia of first nymphal fe- 

 male with remains of antennae forming porrect appendages; pygi- 

 dium, if lacking altaceratubae, with elongate scale with single termi- 

 nal exuvia with porrect antennae. 



b. Pygidium of adult female or of second nymphal female usually 

 with pectinae, rarely with plates; mesogenacerores frequently 

 wanting and, when present, rarely with more than eight cerores; 

 scale of adult female sometimes almost completely covered by 

 second exuvia. 



c. Preabdomen of adult female or of second nymphal female with 

 lateral margins of its segments, at least caudal ones, bearing 

 bracteae; adult female sometimes enclosed in puparium, if 

 not enclosed, pygidium of adult female with distapectinae and 

 altaceratubae, if transforming in puparium, second nymphal 

 female with similar structures; second exuvia of scale of adult 



female large, often almost covering scale Parlatokiini. 



cc. Preabdomen of adult female or of second nymphal female 

 never with lateral margins of any of its segments bearing 

 bracteae; adult female always enclosed in puparium and fre- 

 quently without altaceratubae and with furcate pseudolobes, 

 second nymphal female with altaceratubae and distapectinae; 

 second exuvia of scale of adult female moderate in size, not 

 attached to scale, and always less than one-half length of 



scale. Leucaspidini. 



bb. Pygidium of adult female or of second nymphal female usually 

 with plates, at most only with f urcapectinae ; mesogenacerores 

 usually present and usually with more than eight cerores; scale 

 of adult female with second exuvia always small, rarely if ever, 

 covering one-half of scale. 



c. Pygidium of adult female or of second nymphal female usually 



with distinct brevaceratubae, irregularly arranged or arranged 



in transverse rows; adult female rarely enclosed in puparium; 



pygidium never with linaceratubae or clavaceratubae. 



d. Pygidium of adult female or of second nymphal female with 



plates between median lobes, rarely wanting; body of adult 



female always twice or more as long as broad; altaceratubae 



usually arranged in pairs, rarely opening in latadentes, their 



