TRIBE LEUCASPIDINI 261 



ing. When present they are few in number, rarely with more 

 than three or four cerores. The pygidium is comparatively small, 

 not only in the second nymphal females but also in the adult fe- 

 male. The altaceratubae may be distinct in some adult females, 

 but so far as noted, are always present in the second nymphal 

 females. When the pygidia have been more carefully and ex- 

 tensively studied, they will probably be found characteristic of 

 the pygdia of all the females of the second nymphal stage. The 

 number of altaceratubae varies greatly and they are apparently 

 completely wanting in some adult females. The typical number 

 of lobes is difficult to determine, because in most species they are 

 not typical in form, but are greatly reduced and lack their charac- 

 teristic notches and are greatly elongated. There are usually 

 two or three pairs present. In the adult female the projections 

 between the lobes are usually greatly elongated, plate-like in gen- 

 eral form, but frequently with a few teeth at the distal end or in 

 the form of furcapectinae. Even when the lobes and pectinae or 

 plates are greatly modified in form, they are quite constant in 

 number, usually arranged 2, 2, 3, 3. 



The genacerores are more frequently present than wanting 

 and usually consist of five groups. What is considered as the 

 primitive type is an arrangement into five groups, such as is found 

 in bambusae of Kuwana. This pygidium is generalized in many 

 ways, so as to suggest that the fringe, if it were not that genacer- 

 ores are present, that it must be that of the second nymphal fe- 

 male. In stricta, according to Maskell, there are three groups, 

 the mesogenacerores and pregenacerores form a continuous single 

 large crescentic group, with the two groups of postgenacerores 

 distinctly separated from each other and the cephalic group. 

 There is in pini as figured by Signoret only a single large undi- 

 vided crescentic group, although Leonardi states that there are 

 five groups which are more or less distinct among themselves and 

 arranged in the arc of a circle about the vulva. In cordylinidis 

 there is a single undivided group of about one hundred cerores. 

 The pygidium of signoreti shows a very different type, here the 

 groups of genacerores as figured by Signoret are subdivided into 

 several secondary groups. These groups are arranged in two 

 transverse rows. The cephalic row contains five subgroups and 

 the caudal row seven groups of which each lateral group con- 

 tains only about three cerores, making twelve groups in all. It 

 is not possible to homologize among these twelve groups, the meso- 

 genacerores, the pregenacerores, and the postgenacerores. 



