TRIBE PIORINIINI 371 



their margins more or less serrate. The second pair of lobes are 

 small and are frequently deeply incised. The plates are usually 

 small and inconspicuous and greatly reduced in number. The 

 maximum number appears to be 2, 2, 3, 3, but the usual number is 

 0, 1, 1 or 2, 3 or none. Pectinae, even furcapectinae, are so far as 

 known, always wanting. The plates of the median incisura are 

 very variable in their presence or absence. The oraceratubae of 

 the altaceratubae are usually placed singly, about four on each 

 side of the meson or lateral half of the pygidium. They gen- 

 erally open in latadentes or lobe-like projections in the incisurae. 

 The altaceratubae are comparatively long broad tubes in the gen- 

 eralized species, but Green in his figures of the pygidium of 

 saprosomae and similis shows the altaceratubae as slender tubes like 

 the clavaceratubae or lamaceratubae of other Diaspidinae. This 

 observation is of interest as indicating the form of the primitive 

 ceratubae and the way in which they are modified. The absence 

 of plates and the proven accuracy of Green's work leaves slight 

 chance for these to be lamaceratubae. The brevaceratubae are 

 apparently always wanting. 



The vulva is usually located near or slightly cephalad of the 

 middle of the pygidium. The anus is located at nearly the same 

 level as the vulva, usually less than its own width or diameter 

 cephalad of the vulva. This is different from the condition found 

 in most Mytilaspini where the anus is typically located near the 

 cephalic end of the pygidium distant from the position or level 

 of the vulva. Although the Fioriniini have been more generally 

 associated with the Mj^tilaspini, this arrangement is much more 

 like that of typical Diaspidini. Genacerores are present in all the 

 genera but one which contains only six species. There are usually 

 five groups, the mesogenacerores are only rarely wanting and the 

 cerores of the mesogenacerores and pregenacerores or even of all 

 five groups are sometimes contiguous so that the pygidium appears 

 to bear a single inverted U-shaped group or omnogenaceroris. 



The most comprehensive published account of the species of 

 this tribe is that of Leonardi to which reference has already been 

 made. The fact that the females of all the species become mature 

 in a puparium, if judgment may be formed of the pygidial struc- 

 tures found in the females of other tribes with a similar develop- 

 ment, leads to the conclusion that a perfect understanding of the 

 pygidial structures of the adult female must be secured through a 

 study of the pygidium of the second and first nymphal stages. 

 Leonardi has unfortunately figured and described only the margin 



