78 Kansas Academy of Science. 



and in Indian Territory. The sandstone is not well cemented and 

 is everywhere ripple-marked, showing shallow-water deposition. The 

 limestones become thinner-bedded to the southward and are incon- 

 spicuous. Thin beds of coal in the shales are mined locally. The 

 lola beds outcrop along a belt extending southwestward from 

 Kansas City, Mo., by Paola, lola, and Fredonia, to western Mont- 

 gomery county. Portland cement is manufactured from shale and 

 limestone at lola. A warping of the crust of the earth by which 

 the deep seas were shifted from south of Kansas to north of Kan- 

 sas makes the close of this hemera a proper time for dividing the 

 Coal Measure or Kansan period into Lower and Upper Coal Meas- 

 ures, or Lower and Upper Kansan epochs. 



2. — Strata of the Upper Coal Measure or Upper Kansan Epoch. 



The rock beds found in eastern Kansas. Thickness, 1340 feet. ( The layers are described, be- 

 ginning with the lowest.) 



(6) LaiDvence Beds, 310 feet. These include Piqua limestone, 

 50 feet; Le Roy shales (Lawrence shales, north ; Chautauqua sand- 

 stone, south), 220 feet; Oread limestone, 40 feet. The shales 

 thicken northward, and are replaced by sandstones southward. A 

 few thin beds of coal are mined locally in the shales, and some 

 light flows of natural gas have been obtained from them by wells 

 at Eureka. The important towns located on or near the outcrop 

 of these beds are Troy, Atchison, Leavenworth, Lawrence, Bur- 

 lington, Toronto, Yates Center, Fall River, Elk Falls, and Sedan. 



(7) Lecompion Beds, 280 feet. Kanwaka shales (Elgin sand- 

 stone, south), 100 feet; Lecorapton limestone, 20 feet ; Tecumseh 

 shales (Cave Springs sandstone, south), 75 feet; Deer Creek 

 (Strawn) limestone, 25 feet, and Calhoun shales, 60 feet. The 

 shales are thicker north, and quite arenaceous in the southern part 

 of the state. The limestones do not form conspicuous ledges, ex- 

 cept on the Kaw river and in the southern counties. Fossils are 

 very abundant, especially in the vicinity of the limestones. The 

 important towns on or near the outcropping of this belt of beds 

 are Lecompton, Lyndon, Hilltop and Virgil in Greenwood county, 

 Elk Falls in Elk, and Elgin in Chautauqua county. 



(8) Eureka Beds, 230 feet. Hartford (T#peka) limestone, 25 

 feet; Severy (Osage) shales, 70 feet; Howard limestone, 7 feet; 

 Burlingame shales, 120 feet; and Barclay ( Burlingame or Eureka) 

 limestone, 8 feet. All these limestones, especially the last, form 

 prominent escarpments across the state. Theeighteen-inch bed of 

 coal mined at Osage City, Burlingame and Scranton lies at the top 

 of the Severy shales, just under the Howard limestone. Several 



