82 Kansas Academy of Science. 



t 

 posited over a continuously subsiding sea bottom, but always in 

 shallow water, as is shown by the ripple-marks to be found in 

 nearly every layer. No fossils have been found in these beds in 

 Kansas, but, in Oklahoma, Gould reports the discovery of vertebrate, 

 invertebrate and plant remains. The animals belong to Permian 

 types, and the plants resemble Mesozoic rather than Paleozoic 

 types, according to European standards. 



(6) Medicine Lodge Beds, 500 feet. These consist of the Salt 

 Plain shales, containing salt and gypsum, 150 feet; Cedar Hill 

 sandstones, 150 feet ; Flower-pot shales, 170 feet j Medicine Lodge 

 (Cave Creek) gypsum, 29 feet. On the discovery of fossils in Ok- 

 lahoma in strata geologically more than a hundred feet above the 

 Medicine Lodge gypsum, Gould classed the strata above as Trias- 

 sic ; but a more careful study of these fossils shows that they be- 

 long to Permian types, and it is therefore probable that the Texas 

 Trias does not extend north into Kansas. In southwestern Colo- 

 rado the Permian Red Beds and the Triassic are unconformable. 



(7) Kiger Beds, 260 feet. These consist of Dog Creek shales, 

 30 feet; Red Bluff sandstones, 200 feet; Day Creek dolomite, 10 

 feet ; Hackberry shales, 20 feet. The fossils referred to in (6) 

 were found in the Red Bluff sandstones. The Kiger beds close 

 the Paleozoic in Kansas. The whole region covered by Coal 

 Measure deposits was elevated at the close of the Paleozoic It 

 remained dry land during the Triassic and Jurassic of the Meso- 

 zoic, and was deeply eroded ; and then was submerged, in the 

 western half of the state, beneath the waters of the ocean and cov- 

 ered by the deposits of the Cretaceous era, and later, as the land 

 slowly emerged from the ocean during the rise of the Rocky 

 Mountains in the next tier of states, west, became covered by the 

 brackish and fresh-water deposits of the Tertiary and (Quaternary 

 eras. 



