59 



species causes far greater pain than that of any other fl\-." Writing 

 in the' Entomologist's Monthly Magazine,' Vol. II. (1865), pp. 142, 143, 

 Mr. T. J. Bold gives instances of extraordinary virulence of the bite 

 of S. calcitrans in the case of cattle and horses at Long Benton, 

 Northumberland, in September, 1865. At one time a veterinary 

 surgeon had fourteen cows under treatment for the bites. " The 

 animals were generally bitten on the outside of the legs, on the 

 shoulders, and, in rare cases, on the neck. In some of the severe 

 cases the joints were so much swollen that the poor animals could 

 not bend their legs to lie down, and in them the inflammation rose 

 so high as to cause the loss of the outer skin and hair." The bites 

 of the flies had no effect upon the hands of the veterinary surgeon 

 attending the cows. 



The geographical range of Stovioxys calcitrans has not )'et been 

 fully elucidated, but it is undoubtedly very wide. The species is 

 generally distributed in Europe, and also occurs in North America, 

 where it is said to be very common throughout the inhabited parts. 

 A race of it is found in the Gambia Colony, West Africa, and it has 

 also been recorded as occurring in Hong Kong, Batavia (Java), 

 Ceylon, and S}'dney (New South Wales). A specimen from the 

 Naini Tal District, in Northern India,' is indistinguishable from 

 British examples. 



Genus 

 H/EMATOBIA, Robineau-Desvoidy. 



Haematobia stimulans, Mg. 



Plate 30, Fig. i. 



In habits, time of occurrence, and extent of distribution in the 

 British Islands this species agrees with the foregoing. In point of 

 size H. stimulans occupies a position intermediate between Stoinoxys 

 calcitrans and the following species. The head in both sexes is 

 very much smaller than in J:>. calcitrans, and the eyes in the male are 



