48 Orthorrhapha brachycera. 



llie upper facets larger than below. The oral cone is longer or sliorter : 

 thc clypeus linear, stretching from the epistoma to the iabriini : ])roboscis 

 ratlier short, but also shorter or longer; the labella likewise differing. 

 being rather short and broad. or somewhat longer and narrower; they 

 are directed forwards, and their longitudinal axis forms an angle with 

 the l)asal part of the labiuin. — With regard to the length of the oral 

 cone, labiuni and labella, which parts foUow each other in this respect. 

 the species form a series, beginning with ornata which has these parts 

 shortest and in this respect is allied to Stratiomyia. and ending with 

 hydroleon and angulata with longer proboscis and labella, and in this 

 respect approaching Hoplodonta. — Labrum is as long as the basal 

 part of labium, semitubular; hypopharynx of neariy the same length, 

 sienderand pointed; the maxillæ only represented of small basal pieces 

 but there are distinct. two-jointed palpi. Thorax neariy quadratic or 

 slightly ionger, scutelluni with two spines. Abdomen is generally 

 somewhat broader than the thorax, more or less flat. consisting of 

 live segments. Tlie male genitalia show a median ajjparatus and 

 somewhat hook-shaped lateral lanicilæ. Wings with the radial vein 

 present but more or less indistinct. the cubital vein forked, or some- 

 times unforked, four veins rising from the discai and second basal 

 cell. the fourth being the anterior branch of the postical vein, the 

 third of tiiese veins is rudimentary or wanting. and the first may be 

 more or less rudimentary. thus the numl)er of actually present posterior 

 ceils may be different. Between the discall cell and the postical vein 

 is a small postical cross-vein. In rest the wings lie ])arailel on the 

 abdomen, one covering the other. 



The larvæ are quite similar to tiiose ofthe Stratiomyia. but the lail 

 part is generally shorter and broader. and the segments have no spine- 

 shaped protuberances. On the ventral side, in the middle of the hind 

 margin of the tenth and eleventh. or only on the eleventh segment, 

 there are a few, forwardly recurved, spines; when the larvæ are con- 

 tracted the spines are more or less hidden between the segments, and 

 they are very liabie to be broken of and then it may be difficult or 

 impossible to see their place. especially in the smaller larvæ. There is 

 a girdle of curved spines also between the other segments, but these 

 are excedingly sinall. only in some species being more distinct. The 

 head and nioiith parts are quite as in the larvæ nf Stratiomyia: the 

 anlennal papillæ are slightly longer and more easily seen; there 

 is the same mmiber of s])iracles and a tail coronet of feathery 

 iiairs. The larvæ live in the same piaces as those of Stratiomyia, 

 they hibernate and transform to pup;e and develop in spring or 

 summer. 



