108 Orthonliaiiha bracliytera. 



The larvæ are cylindrical, pointed towards each end, tlie head 

 and tlie last segment are retractile. The segments are finely striated 

 longitudinally. The body consists of twelve segments in all ; there is 

 a sweiling all round the segments on the front margins of the fifth to 

 the eleventh, more or less divided in separate knobs, and especially 

 developed on the ventral side, the swellings bear very small, recurved 

 spines. The last segment bears the anus on the ventral side, it forms 

 a split between a pair of swollen lips, and the segment bears on the 

 apex a conical projection, witli a termina! vertical split, leading to the 

 tracheæ, the larva being metapneustic. The mouth parts resemble 

 those of Hæmafopota, in the median line there is a vertical labrum, 

 with the upper edge convex; to each side of it is a hookformed, 

 black niandible, wilh the inner concave edge serrated; outside to 

 the mandibles lie the maxillæ, which are also somewhat hookformed. 

 l)ut less chitinised, with Iwo-jointed palpi ; above, to each side of the 

 labrum, lies a piece, beset with curved spines, most of which are 

 two-pointed: these pieces bear the antennæ, consisting of two joints, 

 the apical joint being very small. On each side, about in the middle 

 of the head, there is a small eye-spot. The pupa also resembles that 

 of Hæniatopotn : the slieaths of the wings and legs reach to the 

 posterior margin of tlie first abdominal segment; all abdominal seg- 

 ments, except the first, bear a girdle of bristles at the hind margin, 

 Ihe bristles being longer towards the apex of the abdomen; the 

 terminal segment bears six spines of the same form and arrangement 

 as in Hæmatopota. There is a large, ear-shaped prothoracie spiracle, 

 and seven abdominal spiracles. The head shows the same bristle- 

 bearing tubercles as in Hæmatopota, tiie two, just in front, with one 

 bristle each; besides, in most species, there are three small tubercles 

 on the upper side, lying in a triangle and so that the rupture. which 

 the iniago makes by escaping, divides just in the middle of the triangle. 

 Brauer mentions these tubercles, and calls them „Ocellenanlage" what 

 is perhaps correct. but it is to be remarked that they also exist in 

 pupæ in which the iniago has no ocellar tubercle as f. inst. autumnalis, 

 and in others, in which the imago shows an ocellar tubercle, they 

 may be very small. 



The females of the Tabani deposite tlieir eggs on stalks and 

 other parts of piants; also sometimes on stones lying in water, and 

 projecting above the surface; when on water piants the eggs are 

 deposited above the surface of the water; but they are also deposited 

 on piants in humid localities, and according to Lécaillon (Ann. Soc. 

 Ent. de Fr. LXXIV, 1905, 20. T. quatuor notatus) in rather dry local- 

 ities. The egg-mass is in some species symmetricai and broad conical, 



