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covered with flocculence. The nymphs have elongate heads, but 

 feebly so compared with the adult. 



In the Pockilloptcridac, Swezey has partially worked out the 

 life-history of the North American Ormenis scpfcitfrioiialis, while 

 the allied Sihhaitfa acuta has been partially worked out by my- 

 self in these islantls. 



In the Sinhalese Phroiiniia inari^iiiclla (Fabr.), the eggs are laid 

 In considerable numbers in the bark of the twigs of Elacodoidron 

 and are apparently thickly covered with flocculent matter. The 

 nymi)hs cluster like sheep* on the plant and thickly 

 covered by the white flocculent matter. This is by no means 

 true wax, as it consists of fibrous matter, which does not melt, 

 but decomposes when heated and does not dissolve in naphtha. 

 This docculence is very characteristic of the Fulgoroidea, being- 

 more or less present in almost all (all?) forms. In some (Cixiiis 

 etc.) it forms a short broad appendage to the body; in Pliromnia, 

 Fhcnax, Lystra and others it is long, even enormously long, as 

 much as 5 inches in Phenax auricoma, both in nymphs and adults. 

 Sharp states (Insects II 576) that this "wax" is used by the 

 Chinese for candles and other purposes and is said to be much 

 esteemed in India. He is however, merely repeating an old tale, 

 the error of which was exploded by Cotes in 1893. The Indian 

 flocculence is not commercially esteemed, and the Chinese wax 

 is manufactured from Coccids of the genera Ceroplastcs and Eri- 

 ccriis. The metamorphoses of Phroiniiia have been figured in 

 part by Cotes. 



The as yet small and little known sub-family Amphiscepinae 

 (Acanaloniinae) seems to be a development of the Poekillopteri- 

 nae (Matinae) in the direction of disintegration of the tegminal 

 venation ; the posterior tibiae are spineless (or at least only 

 bristly) in the adult, but Swezey, who has partly worked out the 

 life-history of the North American Amphisccpa bivittata, has dis- 

 covered an interesting fact, viz : that the nymphs have three 

 spines on the posterior tibiae like the typical Poekillopterinae. 

 Aniphisccpa, however, was placed by Stal in the Issinae.** 



(b) FLIGHT ORGANS. 



Leaf-Ho])pers seem, as a rule, to be nocturnal, Hying and 

 feeding at that time. The power of flight, however, may be said 



*'J'lic natives of Garhwal in India "eat the sukhtv secretion and call tlie insect 

 Dhahrri. i. e. "sheep," on account of tlieir lia))it of clusteriiiR tofiether and .tinnpiiiK 

 away when disturbed." (Cotes, p. 97) 



**The life history of the x^xnKx\.K\^\Q Bruchouwyfiha oculata is recorded as having 

 been related by Uhler in the Standard Nat. Hist. II, IM. 



