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I. Three subcontigiious ocelli; sensory origans on the two 

 basal segments of antennal flagellum very numerous ; fore 

 femora incrassate ; no arolia ; abdomen in the maVs with a son- 

 orous apparatus on each side ; venation very characteristic, teg- 

 men typically with 5 "discoidals" and 8 apical veins, which oc- 

 cupy its greater part i Cicadidae 



la Two ocelli, sometimes functionless ; onlv a few sensory 

 organs on the basal segements of antennal flagellum ; fore femora 

 larely incrassate ; aroha large (2) 



2 Antennal flagellum composed of a large subpyriform basal 

 segment and a slender seta ; hind tibiae with one or two strong 

 spines 2 Cercopidae 



2a Antennal flagellum composed of numerous segments ; 

 hind tibiae unarmed ; or if spined, almost always with more than 

 2 strong spines ; usually seriately bristly (3) 



3 Genae more or less dilated ; pronotum never prolonged 

 backwards 3 Tetigoniidae 



3a Genae not or scarcely dilated; pronotum prolonged back- 

 wards in a process (except in a few forms of dubious position) 

 4 Membracidae 



The ova are usually, (perhaps always), in all these families, 

 inserted in slits made in twigs or leaves. 



The families may be distinguished in the nymjihal stages (or 

 at least the ultimate ) temporarily as follows : ( there are never 

 any ocelli, nor are there special sensory organs on the antennae, 

 h.ead or abdomen, etc.) : 



I Frons with verv numerous, closeK- set bristles in the mid- 

 dle ; antennae with about 9 segments, decreasing in size fron. 

 the basal one. Fore femora enormously incrassate, with one or 

 more large spines l^eneath ; fore tibiae raptorial, with spines or 

 large tubercles beneath ; fore tarsi with 2 sfgments. the first 

 annulifc.rm, arising at about two-thirds of the length of the tibia 

 and directed backwards, second segment long, slender, cylindric, 

 with 2 uneven claws. Fore coxae not shorter than femora. No 

 arolia. Middle and hind tarsi with 2 segments, first very short 

 1 Cicadidae 



la Frons not bristly. Fore femora rarely incrassate, not 

 spined beneath ; fore tibiae not raptorial ; fore tarsi bisegmentate. 

 of varying proportions, the basal segment arising from the apex of 

 the tibia ; 2 subeven claws. Fore coxae shorter, generally very 



