g R. Takahaslii. 



subterranean forms of 'Drama and Anoetiia are rarely parasitized l>y nematodes. 

 Various spiders and mites destroy large numbers of the aphids. In Formosa a 

 red mite is rather commonly found on Macrosiphum formosanum Takah., M. 

 gobonis Mats., M. formosartemisiae Takah.. Aphis medicaginis Koch, Aphis 

 malvoides van der Goot, Shivaphis celti Das, Neophyllaphis podocarpi Takah., 

 Parucletus cynodonti Das, etc. 



Poultry, sparrows and perhaps many other wild birds devour various aphids 

 in Formosa. The long-eared bat is reported by Theobald to eat Aphis abietinus 

 Wlk. in England (Ann. App. Biol., 1, 1, pp. 2:V2(3). 



(Fungi) Several species of Entomophthora or Empusa have been recorded 

 as being parasitic upon the aphids. In Formosa it is not uncommon to find a 

 tield in which fifty or more per cent of the viviparous females of Rhopalosiphum 

 pseudobrassieae Davis have been killed by a fungous disease. Numerous 

 viviparous females of Myzus momonis Mats, killed by a fungus were observed at 

 Sakuraonsen in Taichu-prefecture in May 1924. According to Lyle (Entomologist, 

 Li, pp. 227-229), Cordyceps sometimes attacks the cocoons of Braconidae firmly 

 affixed to the leaves beneath the bodies of the aphids. 



The practical use of the insect enemies of the aphids has been undertaken 

 in some countries in recent years. According to Sundberg and Pelufib (Rev. 

 App. Ent., A. x, pp. 22b'-227), Aphelinus malt, the parasite of Eriosoma lanigera 

 Hausm., was imported into Uruguay from North America and has become 

 established there. This parasite was also introduced into New Zealand (Tillyard, 

 X. Z. Jl. Agric, xxni. pp. 7-19) and Germany (Meyer, Rev. App. Ent,, A, 

 xn, p. 145). Weise reported that ' Hippodamia convergent (Coccinellidae) was 

 imported into France from the United States of America to check aphids on 

 fruit trees ( Wien. Ent. Ztg , x xxix, p. 104). As no parasites of the sugar-cane 

 aphid. Oregma lanigera Zehnt., are found in Formosa, it is very desirable to 

 import Encarsia flavoscutellum Zehnt., the parasite of the aphis, from Java, a 

 plan that Mr. M. Ishida is now trying out. It is also very desirable to import 

 Aphelinus modi into Honshu and Hokkaido from North America to check Eriosoma 

 lanigera Hausm., since no parasites of this pest have ever been found in Japan. 



