49 



the alkali metals ; that in all probability COo is not in combination in nor- 

 mal or moderately alkaline urine. 



To determine this, the CO 2 in the total urine of 24 hours was estimated 

 after employing, (1) mixed diet, (2) vegetable diet, (3) after injesting large 

 doses of neutral tartrate of sodium. 



(1). Mixed diet — Urine acid in reaction. 

 First day . . . 0.64 gram. CO 3. Fourth day • . 0.56 gram. CO 2. 



Second day . . 0.49 " " Fifth day . . .0 45 " 



Third day . . . 0.60 " " Sixth day . . . 0.79 " " 



Average for each day, 0.588 gram. COj. 



(2). Vegetable diet — T'rine strongly alkaline, but did not effervesce on 

 the addition of an acid. 



First day 1.20 gram. CO o. -» 



Second day • • 1.16 " " I Average for each day, 1.09 gram. CO^. 

 Third day. . . 0.93 " " i 



(3). After injesting neutral tartrate of sodium urine became alkaline, 

 which was in part due to carbonates, as the urine effervesced slightly on the 

 addition of acid. 



First period 48 hours Gram. C^ H4 Na, Og Gram. CO2 in the urine 

 following "mixed diet": taken in 24 hours: of 24 hours: 



First day 10 1.42 



Second day 10 1.65 



Second period 48 hours 

 following "vegetable diet": 



First day 15 1.30 



Second day 15-17 2.67 



From our investigations we conclude: 



1. Combined CO2 is not ordinarily a constituent of normal urine. 



2. When CO2 does appear in combination, it is owing to the excessive 

 alkalinity of the blood when it combines with the hydrates of potassium and 

 sodium. 



3. Alkalinity of normal urine, unless excessive in degree, is caused by 

 di- or tri-basic phosphates, and normal urates of potassium and sodium. 



Results of estimation of chlorixk in .mineral waters by Volhard's 



PLAN. By Sherman Davis. 



In "Die Untersuchung des Wassers," by Drs. Tierman and Gartner, page 



132, we find directions for the estimation of chlorine in mineral waters. 



The method given is essentially that of Volhard. It is the object of this 



4 



