Tachardiincc . 4 1 5 



with truncate extremities, and have an approximately central position. The 

 stout caudal process projects more or less vertically from a position well within 

 the margin. Midway between the stigmatic processes and the base of the 

 caudal process is the usual dorsal spine, on a prominent tubercle. On each 

 side, close to the caudal process, is a small fleshy pointed tubercle which is 

 presumably associated with the nipple-shaped prominences in the same position 

 on the resinous case. After maceration in potash and compression, the lobate 

 form is modified and assumes somewhat the shape of a cottage loaf (see7?§. 6), 

 while the structural characters are more clearly revealed. The rudimentary 

 antennas are so weakly chitinized that, when flattened down by pressure, in a 

 microscopical preparation, they are extremely difficult to locate. Each antenna 

 {fig. 14) consists of an elongate fleshy tubercle, surmounted by three strong 

 bristles. They are widely separated, being placed close to, and often partially 

 obscured by, the dorso-lateral spiracles. The mouth parts occupy an approxi- 

 mately central position, and are followed by a pair of minute fleshy papillae. 

 The dorsal spiracles are large and conspicuous, and have assumed a dorso- 

 lateral position, with their orifices directed inwards. The minute ventral 

 spiracles are situated near the centre : one on each side of the rostral 

 apparatus. Both pairs of spiracles are accompanied by small groups of para- 

 stigmatic pores (see figs. 7, 8). The short but stout stigmatic processes are 

 each surmounted by a densely chitinous, irregularly ovoid or slipper-shaped 

 plate, which is perforated — on the outer half — by a group of from twenty to 

 thirty pores {,fig. 12). The dorsal spine is accuminate, moderately stout, with a 

 broadly expanded base, and is placed on a soft fleshy process (seeder. 10). The 

 processes carrying the perforated plates and the dorsal spine become so trans- 

 lucent—after maceration — that they may be easily overlooked, and the organs 

 in question may be thought to be sessile. The caudal process {figs. 10, 11) is 

 stout and conical. It appears to consist of three or four segments which become 

 increasingly dense and rigid towards the extremity. The anal orifice, the cha- 

 racters of which are difficult to determine, owing to the density of the surround- 

 ing tissues, is guarded by an irregular laciniate palisade enclosing the anal 

 ring, which bears ten stout sets. In some examples the setas project beyond 

 the extremity (_/f^. 11); in others they are completely retracted {fig. 10). A 

 series of eight compact clusters of minute pores is noticeable on each side at a 

 short distance within the margin of the body {st&fig. 6). Of these clusters the 

 first, fifth, sixth, and seventh are larger than the others. The pores in each 

 individual cluster are of two distinct sizes (seeyf^. 9). Average length of insect 

 (under compression) v^ mm. 



The early adult female is smaller, narrower, and less conspicuously lobate ; 

 but all the organs being of the same size as those of the fully mature insect, 

 they occupy a proportionately larger area of the body and are comparatively 

 more conspicuous (see fig. 13). In this stage the grouped pores and dorsal 

 spiracles are more definitely marginal ; and an inner series of groups of small 

 pores is noticeable. 



The female nymph is enclosed in an oblong case somewhat resembling that 

 of the male, but without the upturned posterior extremity. The insect itself is 

 narrow ovoid ; the stigmatic perforated plates sessile ; no dorsal spine ; the 

 marginal clusters of pores more diffiase and containing fewer pores. 



The adult male (of which winged forms only have been observed -see ^^. 5) 

 is of a bright crimson colour; with four prominent black ocelli (two on upper 



