Orthesiince. 417 



CHAPTER XI. 

 Sub-family ORTHEZIIN^. 



This sub-family provides a connecting link between the 

 Margarodince, in which the males have compound eyes and the 

 females are without a setiferous anal ring, and the preceding sub- 

 families which are characterised by the presence of a setiferous anal 

 ring in the females and simple eyes in the males. 



The adult males of the OrtIie::iin(E have large, lateral, moruli- 

 form eyes; the abdomen is furnished with a dorsal tuft of long, 

 slender, silky filaments. In at least one species {O. insignis) there 

 are three or more pairs of abdominal spiracles. 



The adult females are more or less clothed with flattened waxy 

 plates and marginal processes. There is a strongly developed anal 

 ring, bearing long stout setae. Abdominal spiracles are present in 

 at least some of the species. There are sharply defined ceriferous 

 tracts, crowded with tapering spines. The development of the 

 antennae of the adults varies greatly in the several genera : from 

 three in NippoJiortJiezia, to eight (or nine) in Orthezia. The limbs 

 show a tendency to the suppression of the tibio-tarsal joint. 



The insects are active throughout life, even during the egg- 

 producing period. To suit this active habit, the ovisac has a firm 

 nacreous covering, and is firmly attached to the insect. 



The members of the sub-family have been separated into four 

 genera, of which one only {Orthezia) has been recognised in Ceylon. 

 They may be distinguished by the following characters : — 



A. Antennae of adult female with eight or more joints ; tarsus more 



or less distinct from tibia ..Orthezia. 



B. Antennae with less than eight joints ; tibio-tarsal articulation 



obliterated. 



a. Eye fused to basal joint of antenna ; antenna four-jointed 



(Ortheziola.) 



b. Eye separate from base of antenna. 



(^. Antenna three-jointed (NiPPONORTHEZlA.) 



/^^ Antenna six (or seven) jointed (Newsteadia.) 



