CAVICOKjSIA. 



Suborder I. CAVICORNIA. 



Front of upper jaw callous^ toothless. The horn-like pro- 

 minences of the frontal bone permanent, covered with a per- 

 manent horny sheath {coleocerata) . False hoofs distinct, very 

 rarely absent. 



Bovin.a, Grai/, Cat. Ungul. B. M. p. 12. 



BovicL-e, Gray, Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. 1866, xviii. p. 328 ; Sclater, 

 I. c. p. 403.' 



The false hoofs are only absent iu two small families. The horn 

 or horny sheath [coleoceras) has the same appearance, form, and 

 structiu-e as the hoof over the toes (see Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 

 1866, xviii. p. 326). 



Section 1. LEVICORNIA. 



Horns round or compressed, without auy raised keel on the inner 

 front angle. 



The families belonging to this group arrange themselves in two 

 nearly paraUel series according to the form of the nose— that is to 

 say, if it is bovine and has a naked muffle, or ovine or equiae and 

 has the nose covered A\ith hair. 



Those which have a naked muffle are generally considered to be 

 grazers. No doubt this difference in the form of the nose is attended 

 with very dhferent habits ; but I do not think that they have been 

 cai'efully observed, so as to lead to any general conclusion on the 

 subject. I have heard that those that have a hairy nose or ovine 

 muffle are said to be grazers, and those with a muffle have been 

 called browsers ; but both sheep aud oxen are essentially grazers, 

 and the Giraffe, which has an ovine nose is a browser. All these 

 animals use the tongue as an organ of prehension. 



Nose bovine. Nose ovine. 



Bovidre Horns spread out ou the sides Ovibovidse. 



Heliotragidffi . . 1 i Saigadae. 



Cephalophoridse J- Horns suberect \ Pantholopidse. 



Pelead£e | ( Antilopidfe. 



Nesotragidae .... False hoofs none iEpycerotidae. 



Damalidte Nosti-ils hairy within Connochetidse. 



The families may be arranged by the dhection of the horns 



thus : — - 



1. Horns spread out ou the sides. Bovin.^, Ovibovid^, and Conno- 



CHETID^. 



'2. Homs more or less erect, sublyrate, or recurved. HELioTUAtTiiiiE, 

 Cf,ph.\lopid.e, jS'KsoTUAriiD.^, Saigadje, Pantholopid.e, Anti- 



LOPID.E, .EpYCEHOTID.^, aud DAMALICiE. 



