Nahiral Reproduction hi the Adirondack Forests. 51 



The plants were separated into their different species, and each 

 species was divided into three classes which were called germi- 

 nated, seedlings, and juveniles. In the softwoods, or evergreens, 

 plants so young that they had not yet begun to branch, were called 

 germinated. Plants that had branched, but were not more than six 

 inches high, were called seedlings, and plants more than six 

 inches high but not more than one inch in diameter, were called 

 juveniles. In the opposite-leaved hardwoods, the ash and the 

 maple, a plant was not called a seedling until it had three sets of 

 leaves above the cotyledons or seed leaves ; and in the alternate- 

 leaved hardwoods not until it had four leaves above the seed 

 leaves. The seedlings and juveniles were classified as in the soft- 

 woods. A count and record were made of the number of each 

 class of each species. The counts on the eight squares were add- 

 ed together, and the sum was multiplied by 13.61 to determine the 

 growth upon the quarter-acre at the same rate. 



Attention was then given to the old, rotting trunks that had fal- 

 len upon the quarter-acre plot. The boys pulled up all the little 

 trees growing upon them, and these were classified and counted 

 as already described. 



All the trees above one inch in diameter found on the quarter- 

 acre were then calipered. Measurements were read to tenths of 

 an inch. These larger trees were also divided into three classes for 

 each species, called polewood, small timber, and large timber. 

 Polewood consisted of trees from i to 6 inches in diameter, the 

 latter inclusive. Trees from 7 to 10 inches were called small tim- 

 ber, and trees above 10 inches, large timber. 



It was thought that other species of plants found upon the circle 

 might have a bearing of some importance upon the question. A 

 list was made of all these as far as the species could be determined. 

 Record was also made of the location of the circle, of the degree 

 of slope, and of the exposure of the plot. The degree of light ad- 

 mitted through the crown cover was stated in numerals from i to 

 10. Note was made of habit of growth, habit of branching, form 

 of bole, and, in fact, anything that would furnish a useful record. 



It was intensel}' interesting to note the manner in which the re- 

 production was going on. The pine, spruce, and hemlock were, 

 of course, regenerating only from seed. Under the conditions pre- 

 vailing on that township — virgin forest, dense shade, much duff on 



