CLASSIFICATION 



39 



apophyses are present in the caudal vertebrae. In the third subfamily, Scophthal- 

 minae, both pelvic fins are elongate and extend forward to the urohyal. and both are 

 supported by cartilaginous plates placed in advance of the cleithra (c) . In the vertebral 

 column, the parapophyses of the praecaudal vertebrae are separate and apophyses are 

 well developed in the caudal vertebrae. 



With two exceptions, Etrnpus in the Paralichthinae and LtBops in the Bothinae, 

 the mouth is large or at least of moderate size in the family Bothidae, and the jaws 

 and dentition are about equally developed on both sides. In the Paralichthinae and 



. ::4. — Pectoral arch and pelvic bones of a, Fseudorhombus ars 

 impcrialis (X i) ; c, Scophlhalmus maximus (X j). d., cleithrum ; cor., hj-pocoracoid ; 

 /.p., left pelvic fin ; /»./., pectoral fin ; />c/., post-cleithrum ; /)W., pelvic bone ; r./>., rigfit 

 pelvic fin ; sc, hypercoracoid ; set., siipra-cleithrum. [From blind side.] 



Scophthalminae the lateral line is nearly always well developed on both sides of the 

 body ; in the Bothins it is feebly developed or wanting on the blind side in the majority 

 of the genera. 



In the dextral Pleuronectidae five subfamilies may be recognised, distinguished 

 mainly by differences connected with the position of the anterior part of the dorsal 

 fin in relation to the nasal organ of the blind side, the form and position of the pelvic 

 fins, the form of the hypocoracoids, the presence or absence of pectoral radials (Fig. 

 25), the form of the parapophyses on the praecaudal vertebrae, the arrangement of the 

 olfactory laminae, and the presence or absence of the lateral line on the blind side of 

 the body. 



