30 FLATFISHES (HF;TEK0S0MATA) 



(c) Scophlhahniiia-.— l Ins siibf.uiuly i?. represented by four genera. ;inil is conlineil 

 t(i the North AtUintic and Mediterranean, with a northerly range to about hititude 

 70 N. in the eastern Atlantic. The southernmost limit of its range is a little obscure 

 A species of Scophlhalmus, (aqnosus) on the coast of America extends as far as South 

 Ciirolina. I.cpiclinliombiis (iflnff-iai;oi>is) is said to occur on the coast of north-western 

 Africa. 



3. Pleiironectidcr. 

 Ia| I'hiiruntcliiiir. — This subfamily is entirely conhned to Arctic and northern 

 seas. There are ten genera represented in the North Atlantic, all of which are also 

 represented m the North Pacific. In the Atlantic the southerly limit of the range is 

 New York on the western side and the Straits of Gibraltar on the eastern side 

 Platichthvs and Pleuionecles enter the Mediterranean, the former being also found in 

 the Black Sea. There are twenty-eight genera represented in the North Pacific, and 

 tile range of the subfamily extends southwards to southern Japan and to California. 

 I-iopselta is a genus including four species, of which one occurs on the Atlantic coast 

 of North America, two in the North Pacific, and the fourth (glacialis) has a very wide 

 range along the arctic shores of Kussia and Siberia, Alaska and arctic Canada. Hippn- 

 ilhssus, Reinhardlhis and Hippoglossoides extend as far north as Bear Island and 

 Spitzbergen. 



(b) Pcecilopseitince. — 'Two species of Pceoilopsetta occur in the western Atlantic, 

 off the coast of New England, in the Gulf of Mexico, and oft British Honduras. The 

 remaining two genera and other species of Pcrcilopsetta, are from the Indo-Pacific, 

 ranging from Natal through the Indian Ocean and Archipelago to southern Japan 

 and the Hawaiian Islands. 



(c) Paralichthodincr. — A single genus and species from south-east Africa. 



(d) Samarina?. — Four genera, confined to the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacilic. 

 ranging from East Africa to northern Australia, China, southern Japan and the 

 Hawaiian Islands.' 



(e) Rhombosoleuice. — This subfamily has an interesting distribution. One genus 

 {Oncoptenis) occurs on the south-eastern coasts of South America, from the Rio Grande 

 do Sul to San Mathias Bay, Patagonia. The locality of the related genus Psainnm- 

 discits is unknown. The remaining six genera are from southern Australia, New 

 Zealand and neighbouring islands. The most northerly record of any member of 

 the subfamily is about latitude 30' S . the most southerly .Xuckland Islands and 

 Campbell Island. 



IX NOTES ON MEASUREMENTS. ETC. 



1. The l<ilal length is measured from the tip of the lower jaw to the extremities 

 of the longest caudal rays. 



2. The length of the head is measured from the tip of the lower jaw to the extremity 

 of the bony operculum. 



3. The depth of the body refers to the greatest tlepth without the marginal fins. 

 Where the bases of these fins are covered with scales, it is generally more convenient 

 to measure the depth on the blind side. 



4. Both the depth of the body and the length of the liead are comp.ired with the 

 length vf the fish, whicli is measured from the tip of the lower jaw to tlie base of the 

 caudal fin. 



5. The length of the snout is measured from its tip to the anterior margin of the 

 foremost eye. 



0. The diameter of the eye refers to the longitudinal diameter of the eye-ball itself, 

 .ind not that of the orbit. 



' TIm- v.il.tlitv uf tlie type locility (Nuw /.-.ihuid) of ISiachyfU-uiii ii.!,; zcdandue is opun to 

 (luubl. 



