70 FLATFISHES (HF: TEROSO.MATA) 



number, radiating from or arranged transversely to a fairly long central rachis. Mouth 

 large, the length of the maxillary \ or nearly ^ that of head : jaws and dentition 

 about equally developed on both sides ; teeth strong or of moderate size, rather 

 blender and sharply pointed, more or less enlarged anteriorly, uniserial in both jaws ; 

 \ omer toothless. Gill-rakers of moderate length or rather long, generally slender : 

 lower pharj-ngeals each with numerous rows of minute pointed teeth. Dorsal fin 

 commencing above or immediately behind posterior nostril of blind side and in front 

 of or above anterior part of eye ; most of the rays simple, scaled on both sides. Tip 

 of first interha?mal spine feeble, not projecting in front of anal fin. Pectoral fins 

 unequal, that of ocular side larger, middle rays branched, but not prolonged. Pelvic 

 fins short-based, subequal and subsymmetrical. Scales small, feebly ctenoid or 

 cycloid ; small supplementary scales sometimes present. Lateral line equally 

 developed on both sides of body, with a distinct curve above the pectoral fin ; no 

 distinct supratemporal branch. Vent on blind side, in advance of or above first ray 

 of anal fin. \'ertebrre 34 to 41 (lo — 11 -1-24 — 30). 



Nineteen species from both coasts of America and from China and Japan.' 



Synopsis of the Species. 

 Atlantic Species. 



(I J) 13 to 17 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 



A. Dorsal 70-74 (77), anal 52-57 ; teeth rather small . . .1. orbignyana. 



B. Dorsal (80) 87-95, anal (60) 65-75 ; teeth strong . . . z. dcntattis. 

 7 to II (12) gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. 



A. ICyes separated by a flat space (except in very young), 4J to S in head. 



1. Scales all cycloid. 



a. Origin of dorsal just behind posterior nostril of blind side. 



n. Interorbital width equal to or a little less than eye, which is 



5J to 8 in head ; 85 to 100 scales in lateral line . 3. lethostigina. 

 S Interorbital width rarely more than % eye, which is 4J to 6 in 



head ; 70 to 82 scales in lateral line ... 4. albigiitta. 



•.. Interorbital width much less than eye, which is 5 to 5j in 



head; about 115 scales in lateral line . . .3. squamileiUus. 



h. Origin of dorsal above posterior nostril of bhnd side ; interorbital 

 width equal to eye, which is AJ to 8 in head ; 73 to 77 scales in 

 lateral line ........ 0. brasiliensis. 



2. Scales ciliated : two distinct circular ocelli on body ; about 100 scales 



in lateral line .7. bicycloplwrus. 



B. Kyes separated by a narrow ridge, 3J to 5 in head. 



1. 88 to 95 scales in lateral line ; eye 4 to 5 in head. 



a. Depth 2 J to 2-; in length ; 4 distinct circular ocelli on bodv 



8. oblongiis. 



b. Depth 2..\, m length ; 3 distinct circular ocelli on body . o. isosceles. 



2. About 60 scales in lateral line ; eye 3I to 3^ in head ; 2 or 3 distinct 

 circular ocelli on body ....... 10, triocellatus. 



' The following species of Paratichthys have recently been de^t nlud by (jinsluiru', but his paper 

 • received too late for inclusion in this inonoj^aph : 



1. Paralichthys schmillt, Ginsburg, loss, I'roc. U.S. Xat. Mus., lx.\xii (20). p. i. Described 



from a single example (U.S.N. M., Xo. 888.?i). 4ii mm. in total length, from Juan 

 Fernandez Island, Chile. Probably identical with P. hilgendorfi, Steindachner. 



2. Paraltchlhys tropicus, Ginsburg. I93S, torn. cit.. p. 5. Described from a single example (U.S. 



N'.M., No. 34'Vi')), .>::i mill, in total length, from off Tnnidad, West Indies, 31 fathoms. 

 Verv close to P. sqiaimdciitui, Jordan and Cilliert. 



