84 FLATFISHICS (HETEROSOMA lA) 



lenj^th of head and greater than intcrorbital width ; eyes separated by a flat space, 

 the npper a Uttle in advance of lower. Maxillary (in adults) extending to a little 

 hevond posterior edge of eye, length 2^ to 2 J in head ; lower jaw not projecting, if 

 in head. Teeth of moderate size, canines not much enlarged. 16 or 17 (18) gill-rakers 

 on lower part of anterior arch. Scales ctenoid on ocular side, cycloid on blind side ; 

 about 1 05 in lateral line ; some supplementary scales present. Dorsal (67) 72-74 ; 

 commencing behind posterior nostril of blind side and above anterior margin or 

 anterior part of eye. Anal (54) 57-58. Pectoral of ocular side with 12 rays, length 

 .', or nearly ^ that of head. Caudal double-truncate ; caudal peduncle about twice 

 as deep as long. Brownish, mottled and variegated with darker spots, blotches and 

 rings ; three larger and more distinct ocelli on body, one above commencement of 

 straight part of lateral line, one at an equal distance below but a little more pos- 

 teriorlv, and a third on the straight portion ; traces of other ocelli .nt iijiper and lower 

 edges of body ; median fins mottle<l and spotted with brown ; pectoral with irregular 

 dark cross-bars. 



Type. — Vienna Museum. 



DisTRiBtiTiON. — Coasts of Fern and Chile 



Specimens Examined : 



I (89 mm. ). Peru. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 



I (310 ,, ). Iquique, Chile. Godeflroy Mus. 



I (98 ,, ). Lota, ,. Stanford Univ. 



? I (405 ,, ). Stuffed. Pescadores B,iy, Chile. Whitely. 



? I (650 ,, ). ,. Juan Fernandez Is. Keid. 



This species appeares to have been confused by many authors with the common 

 Paralichlhvs of Mazatlan {P. woolmani), from which it may be readily distinguished 

 bv the ctenoid scales on the ocular side and the larger number of gill-rakers. 



The large specimen described by Fowler from Chile as P. kiiiqii has fewer dorsal 

 (66) and anal (53) rays than any of the species of Paralichthy<i from the Pacific coast 

 of South America. This may prove to be a Hippoglossina. 



14. PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS (Temmmck and Schlegel). 



Hippoglossu!. olnacciis, Temminck and Schlegel, 184(1, in Siebold, I'. Japon. (Piscesl, p. 1S4, pi. xciv. 



fig- 9-t- 

 Khombiis wolffii. Bleeker, 1854, Xal. Tijdschr. Xed. Ind., vi, p. 421 ; lileeker. 1854-7, Verh. Batav. 



Gen., xxvi, Japan, p. i:;:; ; Bleeker, 1859, Act. Soc. Sci. Indu-Xeeri., v, Japan, pi. 11, fig. j. 

 Phil,- . .1 ■ , I. . . ,":/,(, Basilewskv, 1855, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Xat. Moscou, (j) x, p. 245. 

 I\,u.i " .::,,ccus, Gunthcr, i86c. Cat. Fish., iv, p. 429 ; Otaki, 1897, J. Fish. Bur. Tovko, 



M I , !• , 1 I V, fig. 2. 

 Ckun,i ,!:.i : r.:.,,<a. Bleeker, 1873, Xed. Tijdschr. Dierk., iv, p. 130 ; Bleeker, 1879, \'erh. .\lia<l. 



WcL. Amsterdam, xviii, Poiss. Japon., p. 21. 

 Chanopidla wolffii, Bleeker, 1879, torn, cit., p. 21. 

 Parahchthys olwaceus, Steindachner, 1896, Ann. naturh. .Mus. Wien, xi, p. 217 ; Otaki, Fujita and 



Higurashi, 1904, Fish. Japan, i (2) ; Jordan and Starks, 1906, Proc. 



p. 180 ; Jordan, Tanaka and Snyder, 1913, J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, xxxiii 



Metz, 1913, Mem Carnegie Mus., vi, p. 59 ; Jordan and Hubbs, 1925, 



p. 297; Schmidt and I.indberg, 1930, Bull. Acad. Leningrad, p. 1148 



Pac. Com. Acad. Sci., U.S.S.R., ii, p. 125; Schmidt, 1931, C.R. Acad. Si 1. Kiis>;., p. 315 ; 



\Vu, 1932, This. F.-icult. Sci. Univ. Paris, A. 244 (268), p. 77. 

 I'snidrjrlwmbus suiinhnms, Gunther, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) xii, p. 379. 

 I'araUclithys olivacfus \ar. coreanicus, Schmidt, 1904, Pise. Mar. Orient., p. 230. 

 Piirnlnhthys cnrcanicu!^, Jordan and Starks, 1906, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxi, p. 181. 

 Puraluhlhys penocephalus, Jordan and Starks, 1906, lom. cit., p. 181 ; Jordan and .Metz, 1913, 



Mem. Carnegie Mus., vi, p. 59. 



Depth of body 2 J to 2j in the length, length of head 3.! (young) to 4. LI|iper profile 

 of head straight or a little concave. Snout (in adults) much longer than eye, diameter 

 of which IS 4i (young) to 8 in head and a little greater than interorbital width ; eyes 



