FLATFISHES (HETEROSOMATA) 



Subfamily 3. SCOPHTHALMIN.E. 



Both pelvic fins elongate, extending forward to the urohyal, supported by carti- 

 laginous plates placed in advance of the cleithra ; caudal vertebrje with well-developed 

 transverse apophyses. 



Four genera from the Xorth Atlantic and Mediterranean. 



Synopsis of thh Gkneka. 

 I . Uranchial septum entire ; scales small, cycloid, or replaced by bony tubercles ; 

 dorsal and anal fins not continued on to blind side of caudal peduncle ; 

 post-larval stages with an air-bladder . . . -35 Scophthalmus. 



II. Branchial septum with a large foramen between lower pharyngeals and 

 urohval ; scales ctenoid (at least on ocular side) ; dorsal and anal fins ter- 

 minating on blind side of caudal peduncle ; post-larval stages without 

 air-bladder. 

 A Scales rather small, somewhat deciduous, ctenoid im ocular side, cycloid 



on blind side : pelvics free from anal : vomer with teeth 36. Lepidorhombus. 

 n. Scales small or of moderate size, very adherent. 



I. Scales ctenoid on both sides of body : vomer without teeth : pelvics 



free from anal ; pyloric appenda.ges present . 37. I'hrvnorhombvs. 



J Scales ctenoid on ocular side, cyclonl on blind side ; vomer with 

 teeth : pelvics united with anal ; no pyloric appendages 



38. Zeugopterus 



Cenus 35. SCOPHTHALMUS. 1 



Rhomhi^ (lum Costa, 1776 ; Humphreys, I7<i7 ; L.iccpi-de, 1801.), l(Klein) Walbaiini, 1792, Artcdi 



Irhtli., (i), I'd. 2, p. 582] ; Cuvier, 1S17, R. Anini., li, p. 222 [Pleuronectes rhombus, I.innKus] ; 



Kvlf, 1013, Rep. Danish Ocean. Exped. 1008-1910, ii, A. i, pp. 8, 14. 

 Scophlhalmus, Rafinesque, 1810, Ind. itt. Sicil., pp. 14, 53 [Plcuronedes rhombus, Linnajus] ; Chaba- 



iiand, 1930, Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Pans, (2) ii, p. 628; Nonnan, 1931. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 



(in) viii, p. .SI 3. 

 Wwmhoidcs, Coldfuss, 1820, Handb. d. Zoologie, ii [Handb. d. Nature. (Schubert), iii (2)], p. 73 



[Plcuronccles rhombus. Linna;us]. 

 Psella (iiott Psdtus, Cuvier, 1S17), Swainson, 1839, N. H. Fishes, ctr.. n, pp. 1.S7, 3.12 \Ph-uroncdc 



maximum. Linnaeus] ; Bonaparte, 1846, Cat. metod. IVsci Eurnp., p. 49. 

 Pleuromctes [nan Linna?us, 1758), De Kav, 1842, N. H. New Vork (I'lsh.), p. 301 ; Jordan and C.oss, 



1SH9, Rep. U.S. Com. Fish., xiv, (1886), p. 2,S4 [Plfur,iiu-cl,'s manmus. Linna-usj. 

 Passer (lion Brisson, 1760), \'alenciennes, 1S55, Voy. "Wnns", v, Zool., p. 341 [Pleuronccta 



maximus, Linna'Us]. 

 LophopsMa, Gill, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Philad., (1861), Suppl. (Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. Amer.), 



p. 51 ; Gill, 1864, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., xvi, p. 220 [Pleuronectes maculatus, Mitchill]. 

 Bothus (lion Ratinesque, 1810), Jordan and Gilbert, 1882, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, p. 815 ; Jordan 



and Gilbert, 1883, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v, (1S82), p. 577; Chabanaud, 1930, Riviera Sci., 



Suppl. Mem. ii, p. 21 ; Chabanaud, 1931, Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Paris, (2) iii. p. 303. 



Body deep, more or less compressed. Eyes on the left side, separated by a flat 

 space of moderate width, the interorbital region similar in both sexes. No ro.stral or 

 orbital spines. t^Ifactory laminae in moderate number or rather numerous, arranged 

 transversely to or radiating from a long central rachis. Mouth large, the length of 

 the maxillary 5 that of head : jaws and dentition about equally developed on both 

 sides ; teeth small, curved, pointed, in narrow bands in both jaws (sometimes in a single 

 series posteriorlv) : no canines ; a patch of teeth on the vomer. Gill-rakers of 

 moderate length and rather slender, not ver\- nnnicrous ; lower ph.iryngeals narrow, 

 separated for the greater part of their length. r,nli witli several rows of small teeth ; 



' I'nr a complete discussion of the nomenclature .it this Kenus, see Nnnn.ui, 1931, Ann. Mag. 



