276 FLATFISHES (HETEROSOMATA) 



Close to I.epidorhombtis, but olfactory' lamins few in number, parallel or a Uttlc 

 radiating, without central rachis. Mouth rather smaller, the length of the maxillary 

 J or less than \ that of head ; teeth very small ; vomer toothless. Gill-rakers rather 

 short. Dorsal fin commencing above or just behind nostrils of blind side ; dorsal 

 and anal fins terminating well on blind side of caudal peduncle. Middle rays of pectoral 

 fin simple or branched. Pelvic fins of equal length, symmetrical, free from anal, 

 their anterior rays united by membrane at their bases. Scales small or of moderate 

 size, adherent, ctenoid on both sides of body. Two pyloric appendages^ ; vent 

 median in position, between posterior rays of pelvic fins. No air-bladder in post- 

 larval stages. 



Two species from the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic. 



Synopsis of thi-; Sphcies. 

 1 Depth 2 J to 2 J in length ; eye 3 J to 4, maxillary 2J to 2| in head ; 46 to 



52 scales in lateral line . . . . . . .1. norvegicus. 



]I. Depth about 2 in length ; eye 4 to 4J, maxillary about 2 in head ; 72 to 80 



scales in lateral line ........ 2. regius. 



I. PHRYNORHOMBUS NORVEGICUS (Gunther). 

 [Norwegian Topknot.] 



rUurunectcs carduM {nnn Cuvier), Fries, 1839, Vet. Akad. Handl., (1S38). p. is, ; Fries, Ekstroni 



and Sundewall, 184ft, Skand. Fisk., p. 200, pi. 50. 

 Rhombus cnriitna {non Cuvier), Nilsson, 1855, Skand. Faun., ed. 2, Fiskar, p. O4 3. 

 Rhombus iiorvcgtcus, Gunther, 1862, Cat. Fish., iv, p. 518 ; Gunther, 1888, Fror. Rov. Soc. Edinb., 



XV, p. 217, pi. IV, fig. C ; Holt, 1891, Sci. Proc. R.Dublin Soc. vii, p. 218 ; Cunningham, 1892, 



J. Mar. Biol. Ass., n.s., li, p. 325; Holt and Calderwood, 1895, Sci. Trans. R. Dublin Soc, (ii) 



V, p. 484. 

 Zeugoplerus norvegicus, CoUett, 1875, Vid.-Selsk. Forh., (1874), Till., p. 138; Lilljeborg, 1891, 



Sverig. Korg. Fiskar, ii, p. 336 ; Saemundsson, 1927, Vit. Visind. Island, ii, p. 3b. 

 I.epidorhombus norvegicus, Collett, 1880, Vid.-Sclsk. Forh., (1879). p. 77: Collett, 1884, Nyt. Mag. 



Naturv. Christiania, xxix, p. 100 : Jordan and Goss, 1889, Rep. U.S. Com. Fish., xiv, (1886), 



P- ^S3- 

 Scophlhalmus norvegicus, Smitt, 1893, Scand. Fish., i, p. 453, pi. xix, fig. i ; Collett, 1903, Vid.- 

 Selsk. Forh., (1902), p. 90 ; Kyle, 1913, Rep. Danish Ocean. Exped. 1908-1910, ii, A.i, p. 15 ; 



Schnakenbeck, 1925, Tier. Nord Ostsee, L. li, xii (i), p. 9, fig. 11 ; Knipovich, 1926, Trans. 



Inst. Sci. Explor. North, xxvii,p. 137, fig. loi ; Schnakenbeck, 1930, in Joubin, Faun. Ichth. 



Allan t. Nord, iv, fig. 

 Rhombus [Zeugoplerus] norvegicus, Mcintosh, iSos, Rep. Fish. Board Scotland, xu (3), p. 227. 



Eggs, I.arv.b asi. Vof.vG. 

 Cunningham, 1S92, J. Mar. liiol. Ass., ,\.s., u, p. 323 ; Holt, 1893, Sci. Irans. R. Huhlin Soc, (11) 

 v, p. 104, pi. xi : Petersen, 1894, Rep. Danish Biol. Stat., iv, (1893), p. r3j, pi. li, fig. 16; 

 Ehrenbaum, 1897, Wiss. Meeresuntersuch., Abt. Helgoland, 11, p. 317 ; Mcintosh and Masterman, 

 Bnt. .Mar. Food-fish., p. 349, figs. ; Heincke and Elirenbaum, 1900, Wiss. Meeresuntersuch. ,,\bt. 

 Helgoland, 111, p. 232" ; Petersen, 1905, Rep. Danish Biol. Stat., xii (2), (1902-3), p. 23, pi. 1, 

 figs. 6-8 ; Ehrenbaum, 1903, in Brandt and Apstein, Nordisches Plankton, I. Eier Larv. l-isch. 

 (i), p. 2x0, fig. 81 ; Petersen, 1909, Medd. Komni. Havundersog. Kjob., Ser. Fisk., iii, (i) p. i. 

 pi. I, figs, n-il ; Schnakenbeck, 1928, Bcr. d. wiss. Komm. Meeresf., n.f., iv (4), p. 214, pis. 



Depth of body 2J to 25 in the length, length of head 2J to 3J. Dorsal profile of 

 head a little concave m front of upper eye. Snout as long as or shorter than eye. 

 diameter of which is 3^ to 4 in length of head ; lower eye slightly in advance of upper. 



' Not verified in P. norvegicus. 

 ' Consult for fill: list of references. 



