PLEURONECTIN^ 



293 



extending to below middle of eye or a little beyond, length 2f to 2f in that of head ; 

 lower jaw projecting, a little more than twice in head. 7 or 8 gill-rakers on lower 

 part of anterior arch. Scales of ocular side with rounded outlines, mostly oval or 

 nearly circular ; most of the primary scales each surrounded by a series of small elongate 

 supplementary scales with rounded tips ; many of the primary scales with a small 

 bony plate on their free hinder ends ; about 160 scales in lateral line. Dorsal 98-106 

 (110) ; commencing above anterior part of eye, highest rays J to J length of head. 

 Ana! 73-80 (85). Pectoral of ocular side with 15 or 16 rays (12 or 13 branched), 

 length about twice in that of head. Caudal with 19 rays (15 branched), emarginate 

 or lunate ; caudal peduncle ij to ij times as long as deep. Nearly uniformly dark 

 brown or black ; young marbled or spotted with paler. 



Type. — Not traced. 



Distribution. — North Atlantic, from Spitzbergen, Murman coast and Iceland, 

 southwards to the Bay of Biscay, and from Greenland southwards to Cape Cod and 

 Sandy Hook. 



Specimens Examined : 



(305 mm.). 



(595 



(22 



(670 



(1880 



)■ 

 )• 

 ), stuffed. 



1 (1120 ,, ). „ 



1 {700 „ ). 



2 (690, 700 mm.). 



3 (285-365 ,, ). 

 I (400 mm.), skin. 

 I (455 „ ). 



' (950 I, ), skeleton. 



I (600 mm.). Ambicolorate. 



Christianiafiord, Norway. 

 E. Coast of Scotland. 

 Off the Irish Coast. 

 Devonshire. 

 Grimsby Market. 



London Market. 



Jeffrey's Bank. 



U.S. Nat. Mus. 



Murray. 



Holt. 



Spence. 



Gerrard. 



Mar. Biol. Assoc. 



Fishmongers' Co. 



Gronow Coll. 

 U.S. Nat. Mus. 



Abnormality. 

 Norway. 



In Europe this species attains a weight of at least 500 lb. There is in the British 

 Museum a cast of a specimen which weighed about 456 lb. when ungutted. The 

 length of this fish was nearly 8 feet. 



2. HIPPOGLOSSUS STENOLEPIS, Schmidt. 



[Pacific Halibut.] 



PleuronecUs hippoglossus (part), Pallas, 1814, Zoographia, iii, p. 421. 



Hippoglossus vulgaris {non Fleming), Ayres, 1854, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., i, p. 41 ; 1859, ii, p. 30 ; 



Bean, 1880, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ii, (1879), p. 63; Lockington, 1880, torn, cit., p. 71 ; Jordan 



and Gilbert, 1881, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., iii, (1880), p. 454 ; Jordan and Gilbert, 1882, Proc. 



U.S. Nat. Mus., iv, (1881), p. 66 ; Bean, 1882, torn, cit., p. 242. 

 Hippoglossus vulgaris (part), Jordan and Gilbert, 1882, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, p. 819 ; Goode, 



1884, Nat. Hist. Aquat. .Anim. (Fisheries Fish. Indust. U.S., i), p. :89 ; Goode, 1885, Amer. 



Nat., xix, p. 953. 

 Hippoglossus hippoglossus (part), Jordan, 1887, Rep. U.S. Com. Fish., xiii, (1885), p. 921 ; Jordan 



and Goss, 1889, Rep. U.S. Com. Fish., xiv, (1886), p. 237 ; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, Bull. 



U.S. Nat. Mus., xlvii (3), p. 2611, pi. ccclxxi, fig. 918. 

 Hippoglossus stenolepis, Schmidt, 1904, Pise. Mar. Orient., p. 224, iig. 15 ; Jordan and Starks, 1906, 



Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxi, p. 195 ; Jordan, Tanaka and Snyder, 1913, J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, 



xxxiii (i), p. 322 ; Schmidt, 1930, C.R. Acad. Sci. Russ., p. 203, figs. ; Soldatov and Lindberg, 



1930, Bull. Pac. Sci. Fish. Inst., v, p. 397. 

 Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Starks, 1918, Calif. Fish Game, iv (4), p. 5, fig. 83. 

 Hippoglossus hippoglossus camtchaticus, Rendahl, 1931, Ark. Zool., xxii. No. 18, p. 61. 



This fish weighed 12 stone. 



