334 bLATFlSHES (HmEROSOMATA) 



I I.IMANDA I.IMANDA (Linnaeus). 

 LDab.] 



PleitronecUs limnnda, Linnaeus. 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 270 ; 176G, ed. 12, p. 457 ; Blocli, 1783. 



Naturgescli. Fisclie Deutsch..ii, p. 45, pi. xlvi ; Lacep^de, 1802, Hist. Nat. I^oiss.. iv, p. 621 ; 



Sliaw, 1803, Gen. Zool., iv {2), p. 298 ; Quensel, 1806, Vet. .A.kad. Handl., xxvii, pp. 54, 220 ; 



Nilsson, 1S32, Prodr. Ichtli. Scand., p. 56 ; Nilsson, 1855, Skand. Faun., ed. 2, Fiskar, p. 627 ; 



Gunther, 1862. Cat. Fish., iv, p. 446 ; Collctt, 1875, Vid.-Selsk. Forli., (1874), Till. p. 146; Malm. 



1S77, Goteborgs Bohus. Fauna, p. 525 ; Day, 1880-4, Fisli. Britain, ii, p. 31, pi. civ ; Gunther, 



1888, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., xv, p. 219 ; Lilljeborg, rSgi, Sverig. Norg. Fiskar, ii, p. 394 ; 



Smitt, 1893, Scand. Fish., i, p. 386, pi. xx, tig. 3; CoUett, 1903, Vid.-Sclsk. Forh., (1902). 



p. 08 ; Hock, 1003, Pub. Circ. Cons. Explor. Mer., iii, p. 69, pi. vii ; Schnakenbeck, 1925. Tier. 



Nord Ostsee. I., ii, xii (i), p. 7, fig. 6 ; Ehrenbauiu, 1029, in Joubin, F'aun. Ichth. Atlant. 



Nord,i(i),fig. 

 Pleuronecles limanJula, Bonnaterre, 17SS, Fncy. Mt-tli.. (Ich.), p. 75 ; Lacopedo, 1802, Hist. N'at. 



Poiss., iv, pp. 595, 635. 

 Plalessa limanda, Cuvier, 1817, R. .\nini., ii, p. 221 ; Fleming, 1828, Brit. Anim., p. ig8 ; Yarrell. 



1836, Brit. Fish., ed. r, ii. p. 219. fig.; Parnell, 1838, Mem. Werner Soc, vii, p. 365. 



pi. xxxvii ; Yarrell, 1841, Brit. Fish., ed. 2, ii. p. 307. fig. ; Kroyer, 1843-5, Danmarks Fisk.. 



ii, p. 29S ; Yarrell. 1859. Brit. Fish., ed. 3. i. p. 628. tig. ; Malmgren. 1864. Arch. Naturgesch.. 



XXX (I), p. 295. 

 PUuronectes plalessoidfs, Faber. 1S29, Natur. Fische Islands, p. 140. 

 Limanda vulgaris, Gottsche. 1835. Arch. Naturgesch.. i (2), p. 160 ; Moreau. 1881. Hist. Nat. Poiss. 



France, 111. p. 2S9. 

 l.imanda ocfniiica. Bonaparte, 1846, Cat. metod. Pesci Europ.. p. 48 ; Beiiiinelcn. 1806. in Herklots. 



Bouw. Faun. Nederland, iii, p. 328. 

 .'' Limanda pontica, Bonaparte, 1846. Cat. metod. Pesci Europ., p. 48. 

 PUuronectes linguatula. Gray, 1854, Cat. Fish. Gronow, p. 88. 

 Limanda limanda, Jordan and Goss, 1889, Rep. U.S. Com. Fish., xiv, (188(1), p. 288 ; Knipovich, 



1926, Trans. Inst. Sci. Explor. North, xxvii, p. 142. fig. 107 ; Chabanaud. 1930, Bull. Mus. 



Hist. nat. Paris, {2) ii, p. 627. 

 PUuronectes {Limanda) limanda, Danois. 1913. .Ann. Inst, oceanogr. Paris, \ (5). p. roo. fig. 173. 



EoGS. LARV.t .\su Young. 

 iMalm. 1S68, K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., n.f., vii (4), p. 16, pl.ii. figs. lo.ioa.ioft; Cunningham, 

 1888. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb,. xxxiii (i), p. 100. pi. 11, figs. 9-rr, pi. iii. figs. 1-6 ; Mcintosh 

 and Prince, 1890. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., xxxv {3), pp. 791. 837, pi. v, figs. 3. 3fl, 11. pi. xvi, 

 figs. 3. 4. 6 ; Holt. 1893. Sci. Trans. R. Dublin Soc, (2) v, p. 80, pi. xiv. figs. 1:2-115 ; Canu, 

 1893, Ann. Stat, aquic Bologne, i, p. 128, pi. viii, figs. 1-4 ; Petersen, 1894, Rep. Danish Biol. 

 Stat., iv, (1893,) p. 126, pi. 11, fig. 9; Cunningham, 1896. N.H. Market. Mar. Fish., p. 223; 

 Hensen and Apstein, 1897, Wiss. Meeresuntersuch., Abt. Kiel, ii (2). pp. 35, 45. 73, pi. ii. 

 figs. 14-17 ; Mcintosh and Masterman. 1897. Brit. Mar. Food-fish., p. 374. figs.; Ehrenbaum, 

 1897. Wiss. Meeresuntersuch., Abt. Helgoland, ii (i), p. 268. pi. iii, figs. 1-5; Kyle, 1898, Rep. 

 Fish. Board Scotland, xvi, (1897). p. 225. pi. x ; Heincke and Ehrenbaum, 1900, Wiss. Meeres- 

 untersuch.. Abt. Helgoland, in, p. 215. pi. ix. figs. i. 2 ; Hock, 1903, Publ. Circ. Cons. Explor. 

 Mer., iii, p. 73, pi. vii; Ehrenbaum. 1905.^ in Brandt and Apstein, Nordisches Plankton. I. 

 Eier Larv. Fisch (l), p. 151. fig. 67 ; Petersen, 1906. Medd. Komm. Havundersog. Kjob., Ser. 

 Fisk., ii (I), p. 4. pi. i. figs. 7-13; Schnakenbeck. t928, Ber. d. wiss. Komm. Meeresf., n.f., 

 iv (4). p. 203, pis. i.ii ; Ehrenbaum, 1929, in Joubin, Faun. Ichth. .Atlant. Nord.ii (2). figs. 



Depth of body 1 to 2 J in the length, length of head 3 J to 4!. Upper profile of 

 head a little concave above eyes. Snout as long as or shorter than eye. diameter of 

 which is 3 J to 5 in length of head ; anterior margins of eyes level or lower very sUghtly 

 in advance of upper ; interorbital ridge low. scaled, J to ^ diameter of eye ; postocular 

 ridge .scarcely apparent. Maxillary extending to below anterior edge or anterior 

 part of eye. length on ocular side 3J to 3J, on blind side 3} to 3^ in that of head ; 

 lower jaw a little projecting, 28 to 2J in head. Teeth obtusely conical or lanceolate ; 



dental formula 5-'-'- ' — ^~- '. Gill-rakers rather short and stout ; 6 to 10 on lower 

 9-16 + 14-28 



' (.nnsult for full list of references. 



